suno aj tum kahin mat jao
suno k ab judai sahi nhi jati
log satety hen buhat
suno tum bechey murr k toh dekho
dekho main thak chuka hun buhat
suno galli ki nukkar sy loot ana
suno loot ana.....
kahin sham na ho jaey
Tuesday, November 1, 2011
Friday, October 29, 2010
MKT 501 ass. sol. # 1
MKT501 Ass # 1 Idea Solution
Idea Solution:-
1. What Competitive advantage of your organization can attract foreign customers?]
Know Your Competitors
Get information the other business firms involved in the same business and prepare your strategy accordingly
Collect information about the targeted customers
Customer’s information collection is the basis of analysis, which requires the collection method is scientific, accurate information, as detailed as possible. The first step is to organize customer information, according to the customer’s industry, size, demand
characteristics and other customers will be divided into several groups. The second is to fill in a form by marketing staff, met to discuss the characteristics of other means to collect customer information, such as demand characteristics, organizational
characteristics and so on. The third step is for some still unclear, select a representative survey of customers, asking. Collection activities to note are: the understanding of the situation must be objective, not by imagined to guess, to be accurately recorded and complete.
Product Differentiation
Improve the product itself by adding features, improving reliability, etc. Branding: marketing to make the product appear different to consumers
Product Advantages
With a certain product or service capacity, product or service, although not particularly outstanding advantages, but also to meet customer needs and has a broad application of the market.
Promote sales
When you have equip your product with strong qualities keeping in mind the actual demand of customers go for promotional activities to sale the product internationally
2) How do you evaluate the demand of foreign customers and satisfy
them?
Find the best customer groups
Find the best customer groups and according to its demand characteristics, improve the product, change the focus, choose the best distribution channels and marketing opportunities; according to their organizational characteristics, different roles were
persuaded to take a different strategy.
The timing of customer consumption
Different products or services at different times, the customers to buy time and frequency are different, only to find out its characteristics, can grasp the marketing initiative. Need to analyze: the customer what products or services on our time to buy? How long to buy one? A type of consumption of large customers?
Location of customer consumption
Customers purchase and use of products or services have an appropriate place, usually
used to find out where customers buy our products? What can be the best selling place?
Where customers use our products? Whether our products can also be used to expand the space? Thus we can find the ideal sales channel and product applications.
How to Satisfy?
Provide product information to the customers
Help to identify potential problem before it occurs
Provide user friendly customer complaint registration
Have prompt complaint handling system
Provide fast back up service
Provide quick correcting service
Provide close mechanism on customer point of interaction
Keep environment clean neat and fair
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Idea Solution:-
1. What Competitive advantage of your organization can attract foreign customers?]
Know Your Competitors
Get information the other business firms involved in the same business and prepare your strategy accordingly
Collect information about the targeted customers
Customer’s information collection is the basis of analysis, which requires the collection method is scientific, accurate information, as detailed as possible. The first step is to organize customer information, according to the customer’s industry, size, demand
characteristics and other customers will be divided into several groups. The second is to fill in a form by marketing staff, met to discuss the characteristics of other means to collect customer information, such as demand characteristics, organizational
characteristics and so on. The third step is for some still unclear, select a representative survey of customers, asking. Collection activities to note are: the understanding of the situation must be objective, not by imagined to guess, to be accurately recorded and complete.
Product Differentiation
Improve the product itself by adding features, improving reliability, etc. Branding: marketing to make the product appear different to consumers
Product Advantages
With a certain product or service capacity, product or service, although not particularly outstanding advantages, but also to meet customer needs and has a broad application of the market.
Promote sales
When you have equip your product with strong qualities keeping in mind the actual demand of customers go for promotional activities to sale the product internationally
2) How do you evaluate the demand of foreign customers and satisfy
them?
Find the best customer groups
Find the best customer groups and according to its demand characteristics, improve the product, change the focus, choose the best distribution channels and marketing opportunities; according to their organizational characteristics, different roles were
persuaded to take a different strategy.
The timing of customer consumption
Different products or services at different times, the customers to buy time and frequency are different, only to find out its characteristics, can grasp the marketing initiative. Need to analyze: the customer what products or services on our time to buy? How long to buy one? A type of consumption of large customers?
Location of customer consumption
Customers purchase and use of products or services have an appropriate place, usually
used to find out where customers buy our products? What can be the best selling place?
Where customers use our products? Whether our products can also be used to expand the space? Thus we can find the ideal sales channel and product applications.
How to Satisfy?
Provide product information to the customers
Help to identify potential problem before it occurs
Provide user friendly customer complaint registration
Have prompt complaint handling system
Provide fast back up service
Provide quick correcting service
Provide close mechanism on customer point of interaction
Keep environment clean neat and fair
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
MGT 201 ass. sol. # 1
Financial Management (MGT201)
Assignment # 01 Marks: 15
“Time Value of Money”
ABC Corporation, a maker of electronics equipments, is considering selling the
rights to market its products to a well‐known advertising firm.
The proposed deal calls for annual year end payments of Rs.15,000 in years 1
through 7 and payments of Rs.30,000 and Rs.25,000 at the end of 8th and 9th year
respectively . A final payment of Rs. 10,000 would be due at the end of year 10.
1. If ABC Corporation applies a required rate of return of 12% to them, what is the
present value of this series of payments?
2. A second company has offered ABC Corporation a payment of Rs.30,000 now
and another final payment of Rs.80,000 at the end of year 3 for the rights to
market the products. Which offer should ABC Corporation accept?
(Show complete calculations and provide all formulas as they carry marks)
Important Tips
This Assignment can be best attempted from the knowledge acquired after
watching video lecture# 1 to lecture # 10 and reading handouts as well as
recommended text book.
Video lectures can be downloaded for free from www.OnlineVUlectures.blogspot.com
Schedule
Opening Date and Time October 27, 2010 At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)
Closing Date and Time November 01, 2010 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)
Topic/Area for Discussion
Note: Only in the case of Assignment, 24 Hrs extra / grace period after the above
mentioned due date is usually available to overcome uploading difficulties which
may be faced by the students on last date. This extra time should only be used to
meet the emergencies and above mentioned due dates should always be treated
as final to avoid any inconvenience.
Important Instructions:
Please read the following instructions carefully before attempting the assignment solution.
Deadline:
• Make sure that you upload the solution file before the due date. No assignment will be
accepted through e‐mail once the solution has been uploaded by the instructor.
Formatting guidelines:
• Use the font style “Times New Roman” and font size “12”.
• It is advised to compose your document in MS‐Word 2003.
• Use black and blue font colors only.
Solution guidelines:
• Every student will work individually and has to write in the form of an analytical
assignment.
• Give the answer according to question, there will be negative marking for irrelevant
material.
• For acquiring the relevant knowledge, don’t rely only on handouts but watch the video
lectures and use other reference books also.
• Marks will be deducted if complete calculations and formulas are not provided.
Rules for Marking
Please note that your assignment will not be graded or graded as Zero (0) if:
• It has been submitted after due date
• The file you have uploaded, does not open or is corrupt
• It is in any format other than .doc (MS. Word)
• It is cheated or copied from other students, internet, books, journals etc…
Best of Luck!!!!!!!
Assignment # 01 Marks: 15
“Time Value of Money”
ABC Corporation, a maker of electronics equipments, is considering selling the
rights to market its products to a well‐known advertising firm.
The proposed deal calls for annual year end payments of Rs.15,000 in years 1
through 7 and payments of Rs.30,000 and Rs.25,000 at the end of 8th and 9th year
respectively . A final payment of Rs. 10,000 would be due at the end of year 10.
1. If ABC Corporation applies a required rate of return of 12% to them, what is the
present value of this series of payments?
2. A second company has offered ABC Corporation a payment of Rs.30,000 now
and another final payment of Rs.80,000 at the end of year 3 for the rights to
market the products. Which offer should ABC Corporation accept?
(Show complete calculations and provide all formulas as they carry marks)
Important Tips
This Assignment can be best attempted from the knowledge acquired after
watching video lecture# 1 to lecture # 10 and reading handouts as well as
recommended text book.
Video lectures can be downloaded for free from www.OnlineVUlectures.blogspot.com
Schedule
Opening Date and Time October 27, 2010 At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)
Closing Date and Time November 01, 2010 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)
Topic/Area for Discussion
Note: Only in the case of Assignment, 24 Hrs extra / grace period after the above
mentioned due date is usually available to overcome uploading difficulties which
may be faced by the students on last date. This extra time should only be used to
meet the emergencies and above mentioned due dates should always be treated
as final to avoid any inconvenience.
Important Instructions:
Please read the following instructions carefully before attempting the assignment solution.
Deadline:
• Make sure that you upload the solution file before the due date. No assignment will be
accepted through e‐mail once the solution has been uploaded by the instructor.
Formatting guidelines:
• Use the font style “Times New Roman” and font size “12”.
• It is advised to compose your document in MS‐Word 2003.
• Use black and blue font colors only.
Solution guidelines:
• Every student will work individually and has to write in the form of an analytical
assignment.
• Give the answer according to question, there will be negative marking for irrelevant
material.
• For acquiring the relevant knowledge, don’t rely only on handouts but watch the video
lectures and use other reference books also.
• Marks will be deducted if complete calculations and formulas are not provided.
Rules for Marking
Please note that your assignment will not be graded or graded as Zero (0) if:
• It has been submitted after due date
• The file you have uploaded, does not open or is corrupt
• It is in any format other than .doc (MS. Word)
• It is cheated or copied from other students, internet, books, journals etc…
Best of Luck!!!!!!!
ECO 401 ass. sol.# 1
ECO401 Ass # 1Idea Solution
A
(1)
P=8
Q(d)=850-15(p)
Q(s)=400+30(p)
Put price in q(d) and q(s)
Q(d) Q(s)
=850-15(p) =400+30(P)
=850-15(8) =400+30(8)
=850-120 =400+240
=730 =640
(2)
shortage production because Q(d) is high and Q(s)low is low eight is not equilibrium price
(3) Shortage will increase price
(B)
Equilibrium price
Q(d)=Q(s)
850-15(p)=400+30(p)
45p=450
p=450/45
p=10
Equilibrium price =10
Here demand and supply is equal
(C)
Equilibrium proved
Q(d)=Q(s)
850-15(p)=400+30(p)
850-15(10)=400+30(10)
850-150=400+300
700=700
A
(1)
P=8
Q(d)=850-15(p)
Q(s)=400+30(p)
Put price in q(d) and q(s)
Q(d) Q(s)
=850-15(p) =400+30(P)
=850-15(8) =400+30(8)
=850-120 =400+240
=730 =640
(2)
shortage production because Q(d) is high and Q(s)low is low eight is not equilibrium price
(3) Shortage will increase price
(B)
Equilibrium price
Q(d)=Q(s)
850-15(p)=400+30(p)
45p=450
p=450/45
p=10
Equilibrium price =10
Here demand and supply is equal
(C)
Equilibrium proved
Q(d)=Q(s)
850-15(p)=400+30(p)
850-15(10)=400+30(10)
850-150=400+300
700=700
MGT 602 ass. sol.# 1
MGT602 Ass # 1 Idea Solution
Case
Ali had worked with his father in a successful building materials business. The family had sold the company, and the Ali received a portion of the sales price. After several months, Ali began thinking about starting or buying a company. One of his hobbies was backpacking; he had hiked the highest peaks in 30 of the 50 states. In his search for a new business, Ali heard of a company that made small trailers for motorcycles. These trailers were fairly popular with retirees who were cyclists and with individuals who liked to travel on motorcycles in order to go into the back-woods where a car could not go.
After several meetings, Ali and the current owner of the firm negotiated a selling price and the deal was consummated. Immediately after the purchase, Ali moved the business from its present location to his own town, several hundred miles away.
Glossary
Backpacking- hiking and camping, Backwoods- wasteland, Consummated- to conclude something
1. Why should Ali buy the company instead of starting his own firm? (7)
2. What are the pros and Cons for Ali’s buying of this particular business?(8)
Idea Solution:-
Shared By:- Ali Farooq
IDEA A:
I think ali should buy a company instead of initiating a new company because he does not have any experience of developing his own business and also he possesses a small amount of money and it is quite hard to initiate a business with small investment....
IDEA B...
As this business is concerned to the travelling and outing.... ali has experience of outing and travelling this is one of the biggest edge for him.... also this is the thing that made him convinced to do this business although he does not have any experience.....
another thing in this business is ....he can bring new trends and inovation to this business because he has a great experience and interest regarding this field
This is not a solution but a though that came to mind when i saw this question and according to me i think this can help us to give solution to this assignment
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Case
Ali had worked with his father in a successful building materials business. The family had sold the company, and the Ali received a portion of the sales price. After several months, Ali began thinking about starting or buying a company. One of his hobbies was backpacking; he had hiked the highest peaks in 30 of the 50 states. In his search for a new business, Ali heard of a company that made small trailers for motorcycles. These trailers were fairly popular with retirees who were cyclists and with individuals who liked to travel on motorcycles in order to go into the back-woods where a car could not go.
After several meetings, Ali and the current owner of the firm negotiated a selling price and the deal was consummated. Immediately after the purchase, Ali moved the business from its present location to his own town, several hundred miles away.
Glossary
Backpacking- hiking and camping, Backwoods- wasteland, Consummated- to conclude something
1. Why should Ali buy the company instead of starting his own firm? (7)
2. What are the pros and Cons for Ali’s buying of this particular business?(8)
Idea Solution:-
Shared By:- Ali Farooq
IDEA A:
I think ali should buy a company instead of initiating a new company because he does not have any experience of developing his own business and also he possesses a small amount of money and it is quite hard to initiate a business with small investment....
IDEA B...
As this business is concerned to the travelling and outing.... ali has experience of outing and travelling this is one of the biggest edge for him.... also this is the thing that made him convinced to do this business although he does not have any experience.....
another thing in this business is ....he can bring new trends and inovation to this business because he has a great experience and interest regarding this field
This is not a solution but a though that came to mind when i saw this question and according to me i think this can help us to give solution to this assignment
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
MGT 111 ass. sol # 1
Assignment#1 (Mgt 111)
Civil Services have become the key wheels on which the entire engine of the state has to move. Hence the leaders for these services are drawn through the competitive examination. The officers thus appointed are bestowed with solemn responsibilities and are scheduled to hold the highest offices of the country.
Pakistan today needs young men and women, with qualities of both head and heart. To choose only such balanced individuals is the purpose of the civil services examination.
We discussed to the following points:-
ü Police Service of Pakistan
ü Foreign Service of Pakistan
ü Pakistan Audit & Accounts Services
ü Commerce & Trade Group
ü Railways Group
1) Polce Service Of Pakistan:-
The Police Service of Pakistan (PSP) is comprised of police officers selected through the Federal Public Service Commission Entry is at the level of Assistant Superintendent
of Police.
Under the old Police Act, the Police had many responsibilities. But with the enforcement of Police Order 2002, it has been given a leadership role alongwith lot more responsibilities and accountabilities. Every new posting is a challenge it is a never ending war against crime, social evils and every day problems of the people residing in a particular area.
2) Foreign Service Of Pakistan:-
Foreign Service of Pakistan was constituted on an ad hoc basis immediately on the birth of Pakistan. The Service was first given an executive fiat in a decision of the Federal Cabinet in July, 1948. A formal resolution constituting the service was announced in October 1952. It envisaged diplomatic posts in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the Diplomatic and consular missions of Pakistan abroad. The resolution provided for the posts of (a) Secretary (1), (b) Joint Secretaries (2), (c) Deputy Secretaries (8), and (d) Under Secretaries (16) Posts for Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad provided for Ambassadors (17), High Commissioners (5), Ministers (4), Commissioners (1), Deputy High Commissioners (2), Counselors (15), First Secretaries (10), Second Secretaries (19), Third Secretaries (31), Consul General (3), Consul (4), and Vice Consul (7).
3) Pakistan Audit & Accounts Services:-
Pakistan Audit and Accounts Service operates under the constitution 1973, article 144 to 176, and is presently being run through Presidential Order No 23/2001.
The functions and powers of Auditor General Pakistan have been defined in the above mentioned order. The Auditor General enjoys a tenure posting of five years under the constitution. He is responsible to maintain accounts of the public sector organizations and is responsible to conduct audit of the same.
4) Commerce and Trade Group:-
Consequent upon the introduction of Administrative Reforms of 1973 aiming to create Civil Services of specialized nature and responsibility, the Trade Service of Pakistan (TSP) was changed into Commerce & Trade Group to administer Export Promotion Bureau, Office of the Chief Controller of Imports & Exports, National Tariff Commission, Trade Marks Registry and Department of Insurance. The posts of Commercial Secretary/Counsellor in Pakistani missions abroad have been kept open to all services, due to the fact that the Office Memorandum under which the Commerce & Trade Group was created did not mention these posts.
5) Railways Group:-
Pakistan Railways forms the life line of the country catering to all its needs for the large scale movement of freight as well as passenger traffic thereby contributing to economic growth and national integration.
Pakistan Railways is a multi-cadre/multi branch organization and can be dubbed as a mini-govt. For running a huge organization like that of Railways, various branches are serving to run the business smoothly. The Railways Commercial & Transportation (C&T) group plays the most important role as such it is the only cadre in Railways, inducted through CSS and is a part of Civil Services Academy Alumni C&T group is also called as operating and management department as it is solely responsible for the promotion of commercial business (freight & passenger) and for overall safety concerning train movement and operations.
Civil Services have become the key wheels on which the entire engine of the state has to move. Hence the leaders for these services are drawn through the competitive examination. The officers thus appointed are bestowed with solemn responsibilities and are scheduled to hold the highest offices of the country.
Pakistan today needs young men and women, with qualities of both head and heart. To choose only such balanced individuals is the purpose of the civil services examination.
We discussed to the following points:-
ü Police Service of Pakistan
ü Foreign Service of Pakistan
ü Pakistan Audit & Accounts Services
ü Commerce & Trade Group
ü Railways Group
1) Polce Service Of Pakistan:-
The Police Service of Pakistan (PSP) is comprised of police officers selected through the Federal Public Service Commission Entry is at the level of Assistant Superintendent
of Police.
Under the old Police Act, the Police had many responsibilities. But with the enforcement of Police Order 2002, it has been given a leadership role alongwith lot more responsibilities and accountabilities. Every new posting is a challenge it is a never ending war against crime, social evils and every day problems of the people residing in a particular area.
2) Foreign Service Of Pakistan:-
Foreign Service of Pakistan was constituted on an ad hoc basis immediately on the birth of Pakistan. The Service was first given an executive fiat in a decision of the Federal Cabinet in July, 1948. A formal resolution constituting the service was announced in October 1952. It envisaged diplomatic posts in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the Diplomatic and consular missions of Pakistan abroad. The resolution provided for the posts of (a) Secretary (1), (b) Joint Secretaries (2), (c) Deputy Secretaries (8), and (d) Under Secretaries (16) Posts for Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad provided for Ambassadors (17), High Commissioners (5), Ministers (4), Commissioners (1), Deputy High Commissioners (2), Counselors (15), First Secretaries (10), Second Secretaries (19), Third Secretaries (31), Consul General (3), Consul (4), and Vice Consul (7).
3) Pakistan Audit & Accounts Services:-
Pakistan Audit and Accounts Service operates under the constitution 1973, article 144 to 176, and is presently being run through Presidential Order No 23/2001.
The functions and powers of Auditor General Pakistan have been defined in the above mentioned order. The Auditor General enjoys a tenure posting of five years under the constitution. He is responsible to maintain accounts of the public sector organizations and is responsible to conduct audit of the same.
4) Commerce and Trade Group:-
Consequent upon the introduction of Administrative Reforms of 1973 aiming to create Civil Services of specialized nature and responsibility, the Trade Service of Pakistan (TSP) was changed into Commerce & Trade Group to administer Export Promotion Bureau, Office of the Chief Controller of Imports & Exports, National Tariff Commission, Trade Marks Registry and Department of Insurance. The posts of Commercial Secretary/Counsellor in Pakistani missions abroad have been kept open to all services, due to the fact that the Office Memorandum under which the Commerce & Trade Group was created did not mention these posts.
5) Railways Group:-
Pakistan Railways forms the life line of the country catering to all its needs for the large scale movement of freight as well as passenger traffic thereby contributing to economic growth and national integration.
Pakistan Railways is a multi-cadre/multi branch organization and can be dubbed as a mini-govt. For running a huge organization like that of Railways, various branches are serving to run the business smoothly. The Railways Commercial & Transportation (C&T) group plays the most important role as such it is the only cadre in Railways, inducted through CSS and is a part of Civil Services Academy Alumni C&T group is also called as operating and management department as it is solely responsible for the promotion of commercial business (freight & passenger) and for overall safety concerning train movement and operations.
ENG 101 ass. sol.# 1
ENG101 Ass # 1 Idea Solution
Ans 1: Topic: Childhood - a gauge of one's future (or something along these lines).
Ans 2: Main Idea: The influences gained and traits developed during one's childhood are deciding factors of one's personality growth and future.
Healthy influences include a nurturing environment for the development of body, mind and soul of a child, thorough character building lessons, positive examples in a child's immediate atmosphere and other facilities of this sort which can enhance a child's personality, character and help him grow up as a well-grounded adult, free of any inherited ethical or moral weaknesses.
Q2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of words. (5)
1. The child spoke ___________ about her trip to Disney land.
a) Energetically
b) Energy
c) Energize
d) Energetic
2. My class ___________ told me that I should study chemistry.
a) Advisable
b) Advise
c) Advice
d) Advisor
3. The student asked if he could have an __________ on his paper.
a) Extent
b) Extend
c) Extension
d) Extensive
4. I like _____________children books.
a) Illustrator
b) Illustration
c) Illustrate
d) Illustrated
5. The criminal had a very ___________ scar on his face.
a) Noticeable
b) Noticed
c) Notice
d) Noticeably
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Ans 1: Topic: Childhood - a gauge of one's future (or something along these lines).
Ans 2: Main Idea: The influences gained and traits developed during one's childhood are deciding factors of one's personality growth and future.
Healthy influences include a nurturing environment for the development of body, mind and soul of a child, thorough character building lessons, positive examples in a child's immediate atmosphere and other facilities of this sort which can enhance a child's personality, character and help him grow up as a well-grounded adult, free of any inherited ethical or moral weaknesses.
Q2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of words. (5)
1. The child spoke ___________ about her trip to Disney land.
a) Energetically
b) Energy
c) Energize
d) Energetic
2. My class ___________ told me that I should study chemistry.
a) Advisable
b) Advise
c) Advice
d) Advisor
3. The student asked if he could have an __________ on his paper.
a) Extent
b) Extend
c) Extension
d) Extensive
4. I like _____________children books.
a) Illustrator
b) Illustration
c) Illustrate
d) Illustrated
5. The criminal had a very ___________ scar on his face.
a) Noticeable
b) Noticed
c) Notice
d) Noticeably
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
ECO 402 ass. sol #1
Assignment No. 1 Marks: 20
ABC corporation stock is selling for Rs. 150 per share according to Karachi stock exchange market summary. A rumor about the company has been heard that the firm will make an exciting new product announcement next week. By studying the industry, it is being concluded that this new product will support a growth rate of 20% in dividend for two years. After that it is expected that the growth rate in dividend will decline to 6% and remains same onwards. The firm currently pays an annual dividend of Rs. 4.
The rate of return on stocks like ABC corporation is 10%.
Required:
I. Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3 (8 Marks)
II. What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2? (4 Marks)
III. What will be the present value (P0) of stock? (6 Marks)
IV. Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150? (2 Marks)
..
solution:
Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3
D1= 4 (1+0.2) =4.8
D2= 4.8 (1+0.2) =5.76
D3=5.76 (1+0.05) =6.11
What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2?
P2= 5.76 (1+0.2)/ .1-0.05
P2=138.24
What will be the present value (P0) of stock?
PO= 4.8/(1+.1)1 + 5.76/(1+.1)2 + 6.11/(1+.1)3 + 128.31/(1.1)3
= 110
Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150
As the present value of the stock is less then the current selling price so the stock
should not be purchased
...............
Another Solution:-
Required:
I. Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3 (8 Marks)
D0 = 4(1+.2) = 4
D1 = 4(1+.2) = 4.8
D2 = 4.8(1+.2) = 5.76
D3 = 5.76(1+.06) = 6.106
II. What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2? (4 Marks)
P2 = D3/.1 - .06
P2 = 6.106 / .04 = 152.65
III. What will be the present value (P0) of stock? (6 Marks)
Today’s Price:
= d1/(1 + r) + d2 /(1+r)2 + d3/(1+r)3 + P2/ (1+r)3
= 4.8 / (1.1) + 5.76 / (1.1)^2 + 6.106 / (1.1)^3 + 152.65 / (1.1)^3
= 13.71 + 114.7
= 128.4
ABC corporation stock is selling for Rs. 150 per share according to Karachi stock exchange market summary. A rumor about the company has been heard that the firm will make an exciting new product announcement next week. By studying the industry, it is being concluded that this new product will support a growth rate of 20% in dividend for two years. After that it is expected that the growth rate in dividend will decline to 6% and remains same onwards. The firm currently pays an annual dividend of Rs. 4.
The rate of return on stocks like ABC corporation is 10%.
Required:
I. Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3 (8 Marks)
II. What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2? (4 Marks)
III. What will be the present value (P0) of stock? (6 Marks)
IV. Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150? (2 Marks)
..
solution:
Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3
D1= 4 (1+0.2) =4.8
D2= 4.8 (1+0.2) =5.76
D3=5.76 (1+0.05) =6.11
What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2?
P2= 5.76 (1+0.2)/ .1-0.05
P2=138.24
What will be the present value (P0) of stock?
PO= 4.8/(1+.1)1 + 5.76/(1+.1)2 + 6.11/(1+.1)3 + 128.31/(1.1)3
= 110
Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150
As the present value of the stock is less then the current selling price so the stock
should not be purchased
...............
Another Solution:-
Required:
I. Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3 (8 Marks)
D0 = 4(1+.2) = 4
D1 = 4(1+.2) = 4.8
D2 = 4.8(1+.2) = 5.76
D3 = 5.76(1+.06) = 6.106
II. What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2? (4 Marks)
P2 = D3/.1 - .06
P2 = 6.106 / .04 = 152.65
III. What will be the present value (P0) of stock? (6 Marks)
Today’s Price:
= d1/(1 + r) + d2 /(1+r)2 + d3/(1+r)3 + P2/ (1+r)3
= 4.8 / (1.1) + 5.76 / (1.1)^2 + 6.106 / (1.1)^3 + 152.65 / (1.1)^3
= 13.71 + 114.7
= 128.4
fin 622 ass. sol.# 1
Assignment No. 1 Marks: 20
ABC corporation stock is selling for Rs. 150 per share according to Karachi stock exchange market summary. A rumor about the company has been heard that the firm will make an exciting new product announcement next week. By studying the industry, it is being concluded that this new product will support a growth rate of 20% in dividend for two years. After that it is expected that the growth rate in dividend will decline to 6% and remains same onwards. The firm currently pays an annual dividend of Rs. 4.
The rate of return on stocks like ABC corporation is 10%.
Required:
I. Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3 (8 Marks)
II. What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2? (4 Marks)
III. What will be the present value (P0) of stock? (6 Marks)
IV. Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150? (2 Marks)
..
solution:
Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3
D1= 4 (1+0.2) =4.8
D2= 4.8 (1+0.2) =5.76
D3=5.76 (1+0.05) =6.11
What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2?
P2= 5.76 (1+0.2)/ .1-0.05
P2=138.24
What will be the present value (P0) of stock?
PO= 4.8/(1+.1)1 + 5.76/(1+.1)2 + 6.11/(1+.1)3 + 128.31/(1.1)3
= 110
Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150
As the present value of the stock is less then the current selling price so the stock
should not be purchased
...............
Another Solution:-
Required:
I. Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3 (8 Marks)
D0 = 4(1+.2) = 4
D1 = 4(1+.2) = 4.8
D2 = 4.8(1+.2) = 5.76
D3 = 5.76(1+.06) = 6.106
II. What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2? (4 Marks)
P2 = D3/.1 - .06
P2 = 6.106 / .04 = 152.65
III. What will be the present value (P0) of stock? (6 Marks)
Today’s Price:
= d1/(1 + r) + d2 /(1+r)2 + d3/(1+r)3 + P2/ (1+r)3
= 4.8 / (1.1) + 5.76 / (1.1)^2 + 6.106 / (1.1)^3 + 152.65 / (1.1)^3
= 13.71 + 114.7
= 128.4
ABC corporation stock is selling for Rs. 150 per share according to Karachi stock exchange market summary. A rumor about the company has been heard that the firm will make an exciting new product announcement next week. By studying the industry, it is being concluded that this new product will support a growth rate of 20% in dividend for two years. After that it is expected that the growth rate in dividend will decline to 6% and remains same onwards. The firm currently pays an annual dividend of Rs. 4.
The rate of return on stocks like ABC corporation is 10%.
Required:
I. Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3 (8 Marks)
II. What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2? (4 Marks)
III. What will be the present value (P0) of stock? (6 Marks)
IV. Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150? (2 Marks)
..
solution:
Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3
D1= 4 (1+0.2) =4.8
D2= 4.8 (1+0.2) =5.76
D3=5.76 (1+0.05) =6.11
What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2?
P2= 5.76 (1+0.2)/ .1-0.05
P2=138.24
What will be the present value (P0) of stock?
PO= 4.8/(1+.1)1 + 5.76/(1+.1)2 + 6.11/(1+.1)3 + 128.31/(1.1)3
= 110
Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150
As the present value of the stock is less then the current selling price so the stock
should not be purchased
...............
Another Solution:-
Required:
I. Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3 (8 Marks)
D0 = 4(1+.2) = 4
D1 = 4(1+.2) = 4.8
D2 = 4.8(1+.2) = 5.76
D3 = 5.76(1+.06) = 6.106
II. What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2? (4 Marks)
P2 = D3/.1 - .06
P2 = 6.106 / .04 = 152.65
III. What will be the present value (P0) of stock? (6 Marks)
Today’s Price:
= d1/(1 + r) + d2 /(1+r)2 + d3/(1+r)3 + P2/ (1+r)3
= 4.8 / (1.1) + 5.76 / (1.1)^2 + 6.106 / (1.1)^3 + 152.65 / (1.1)^3
= 13.71 + 114.7
= 128.4
mgt 411 gdb idea sol.
MGT411 GDB Idea Solution
As the world is getting in-depth knowledge of economics, some economic concepts are becoming more acceptable day by day. The concept of inflation is one of such concept which became popular during the last century. Two mostly used inflation measurement methods around the world are CPI (Consumer Price Index) and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) deflator. Now, one method is getting popularity in the world with the passage of time over the other method of measuring inflation.
As the world is getting in-depth knowledge of economics, some economic concepts are becoming more acceptable day by day. The concept of inflation is one of such concept which became popular during the last century. Two mostly used inflation measurement methods around the world are CPI (Consumer Price Index) and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) deflator. Now, one method is getting popularity in the world with the passage of time over the other method of measuring inflation.
mgt 502 ass. sol # 1
Q.1: Write down all possible factors that could lead to job satisfaction
or dissatisfaction of employees in an organization
(10 Marks)
Attitude of a person to his/her work is called job satisfaction.
Job satisfaction is the collection of feelings and beliefs people have about
their current jobs.
Factors in Job satisfaction
1. The work itself
If the work is satisfactory to the person then he/she feel satisfied
for example if the duty technical work taken from the nontechnical
person then he will feel unsatisfied. The work should be
challenging to the person and relevant to him/her.
2. Remuneration
It is the most important part of job satisfaction. If the
remunerations are fair then the person will feel satisfied from the
job otherwise not.
3. co-worker
If the assistants and the staff working under the person, then he/she
‘ll feel more satisfactory and vice versa.
4. Promotion
If there are chances of promotion then the person will feel job
satisfaction and vice versa.
5. Attitude of higher Authority
If the higher authority is not co-operative and supportive as in our
case of question, the person will loose interest.
6. Colleagues Attitude
If the colleagues are not co-operative and the social relation does
not exist at work environment then there will be job dissatisfaction.
7. Job challenges:-
If the job is dull, ruff and not challenging to the person, then the
person will feel dissatisfaction from the job. For example the work
of data entry if taken from the programmer then the programmer
will feel dissatisfaction from the job.
8. Working Conditions
If the work conditions are safe, the employee will feel more
satisfied from the job otherwise not.
9. Job Security
If there is a culture of eliminating employees without considerable
reasons, the employee feel dissatisfied from the job.
10. Risk
If there is risk fire, electric shock etc. then the employees will feel
dissatisfied from the job.
11. Reward system
Effective Reward system let there employees more satisfied from
the job.
12. Authority, Power
If an employee does not have the authority and power that he
deserve then he ‘ll feel dissatisfied from the job.
13. Retirement Benefits
If there are reasonable retirement and ‘on job death’ benefits then
the employees will feel more satisfied otherwise not.
or dissatisfaction of employees in an organization
(10 Marks)
Attitude of a person to his/her work is called job satisfaction.
Job satisfaction is the collection of feelings and beliefs people have about
their current jobs.
Factors in Job satisfaction
1. The work itself
If the work is satisfactory to the person then he/she feel satisfied
for example if the duty technical work taken from the nontechnical
person then he will feel unsatisfied. The work should be
challenging to the person and relevant to him/her.
2. Remuneration
It is the most important part of job satisfaction. If the
remunerations are fair then the person will feel satisfied from the
job otherwise not.
3. co-worker
If the assistants and the staff working under the person, then he/she
‘ll feel more satisfactory and vice versa.
4. Promotion
If there are chances of promotion then the person will feel job
satisfaction and vice versa.
5. Attitude of higher Authority
If the higher authority is not co-operative and supportive as in our
case of question, the person will loose interest.
6. Colleagues Attitude
If the colleagues are not co-operative and the social relation does
not exist at work environment then there will be job dissatisfaction.
7. Job challenges:-
If the job is dull, ruff and not challenging to the person, then the
person will feel dissatisfaction from the job. For example the work
of data entry if taken from the programmer then the programmer
will feel dissatisfaction from the job.
8. Working Conditions
If the work conditions are safe, the employee will feel more
satisfied from the job otherwise not.
9. Job Security
If there is a culture of eliminating employees without considerable
reasons, the employee feel dissatisfied from the job.
10. Risk
If there is risk fire, electric shock etc. then the employees will feel
dissatisfied from the job.
11. Reward system
Effective Reward system let there employees more satisfied from
the job.
12. Authority, Power
If an employee does not have the authority and power that he
deserve then he ‘ll feel dissatisfied from the job.
13. Retirement Benefits
If there are reasonable retirement and ‘on job death’ benefits then
the employees will feel more satisfied otherwise not.
Isl 201 ass. sol #1
ISL201 Assignment Solution
The Doctrine of Tauheed “Oneness of Allah” is the very basic dogma of Islam. It means belief in oneness of Allah as He is the solitary Creator of the whole universe, everything belongs to Allah, that there is no one but Allah, no one like Him, or opposite Him, or equal to Him. You have to describe in detail how this doctrine of Tauheed “Oneness of Allah” effects on human life?
Solution:-
When an individual pronounces the testimony: "Ash-hadu allaa ilaaha illallaah wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadar- Rasullullaah" (I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allaah and I testify that Muhammad is His Messenger), believing in it and acting upon it, he experiences a noticeable change in his life.
By understanding who his Lord is as well as the purpose of his creation, he will be able to achieve success in this life and the next. This success emanates from the following points:
1- A believer in this testimony can never be narrow in outlook. He believes in Allaah, Who is the Creator of the heavens and the earth, the Master of the universe and its Sustainer. After this belief, he does not regard anything in the world as a stranger to himself. He looks on everything in the universe as belonging to the same Lord he himself belongs to. Allaah Almighty Says (what means): "Say (O Muhammad): 'To whom belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth?' Say: 'To Allaah.'" [Quran 6:12]
His sympathy, love and service are not confined to any particular sphere or group. His vision is broadened, his intellectual horizon widens, and his outlook becomes as liberal and as boundless as is the Kingdom of Allaah. How can this width of vision and breadth of mind be achieved by an atheist, a polytheist or one who believes in a deity supposed to possess limited and defective powers like a man?
2- This belief produces in man the highest degree of self-respect and self esteem. The believer knows that Allaah Alone is the Possessor of all power, and that none besides Him can benefit or harm a person, or provide for his needs, or give and take away life or wield authority or influence. This conviction makes him indifferent to, independent on, and fearless of all powers other than those of Allaah. He never bows his head in homage to any of Allaah's creatures, nor does he stretch out his hand before anyone else. He is not overawed by anybody's greatness. This attitude of mind cannot be produced by any other belief.
3- Along with self-respect, this belief also generates in man a sense of modesty and humbleness. It makes him unostentatious and unpretending. A believer never becomes proud, haughty or arrogant. The boisterous pride of power, wealth and worth can have no room in his heart, because he knows that whatever he possesses has been given to him by Allaah, and that Allaah can take away just as He can give. In contrast to this, an unbeliever, when he achieves some worldly merit, becomes proud and conceited because he believes that his merit is due to his own worth. In the same way, pride and self-conceit are a necessary outcomes and concomitants of 'Shirk' (association of others with Allaah in worship), because a polytheist believes that he has a particular relation with deities, which does not exist between them and other people.
4- This belief makes man virtuous and upright. He has the conviction that there is no other means of success and salvation for him except purity of soul and righteousness of behavior. He has perfect faith in Allaah Who is Above all needs, is related to none and is absolutely Just. This belief creates in him the consciousness that unless he lives rightly and acts justly, he cannot succeed. No influence or underhand activity can save him from ruin.
As to those who do not believe that there is any Being having power over them, to whom they should be responsible for their good or bad actions; therefore, they consider themselves independent to act in whatever way they like. Their own fancies become their gods and they live like slaves of their wishes and desires. Allaah states in the Quran (what means): "Have you seen he who has taken as his god his [own] desire, and Allaah, knowing (him as such), left him astray, and has set a seal upon his hearing and his heart, and put over his vision a veil? So who will guide him after Allaah? Will you not then remember?" [Quran 45:23]
5- The believer never becomes despondent. He has a firm faith in Allaah Who is The Master of all the treasures of the earth and the heavens, Whose grace and bounty have no limit and Whose power is infinite. This faith imparts to his heart extraordinary consolation, fills it with satisfaction and keeps it filled with hope. Although he may be met with rejection from all sides in this world, faith in and dependence on Allaah never leave him, and on that strength he goes on struggling. Such profound confidence can result from no other belief than belief in Allaah Alone.
Atheists have small hearts; in the sense that they depend on limited abilities; therefore, in times of trouble they are soon overwhelmed by despair and, frequently, they commit suicide.
The testimony of Prof. Joad is also very explicit on this point. He writes about the West: "For the first time in history there is coming to maturity a generation of men and women who have no religion, and feel no need for one. They are content to ignore it. Also they are very unhappy, and the suicide rate is abnormally high." [C. E. M. Joad. The Present and Future of Religion, quoted by Sir Arnold Lunn., And Yet So New, London, 1958, p. 228]
As to the world of Islam, let the views of a non-Muslim historian, not in any way being sympathetic to Islam, be read with profit:
"In this uncompromising monotheism, with its simple and enthusiastic faith in the supreme rule of a transcendent being, lies the chief strength of Islam. Its adherents enjoy a consciousness of contentment and resignation unknown among followers of most creeds." [Suicide Is Rare in Muslim Lands] (Phillip K. Hitti, History of the Arabs, 1951, p.129)
6- This testimony of faith inspires bravery in man. There are two things which make a man cowardly: (a) fear of death and love of safety, and (b) the idea that there is someone else besides Allaah who can take away life, and that man- by adopting certain devices- can ward off death. Belief in 'Laa ilaaha illallaah'' blocks and drives away both these ideas. The first idea goes out of his mind because he knows that his life and his property and everything else really belong to Allaah, and he becomes ready to sacrifice his all for the pleasure of Allaah. He gets rid of the second idea because he knows that no weapon, no man or animal has the power of taking away his life; Allaah alone has the power to do so. A time has been ordained for him, and all the forces of the world combined cannot take away anyone's life before that time.
It is for this reason that no one is braver than the one who has faith in Allaah. Nothing can daunt him: not even the strongest tempest of adversity and the mightiest of armies.
7- The belief in 'Laa ilaaha illallaah' creates an attitude of peace and contentment, purges the mind of jealousy, envy and greed, and keeps away the temptations of resorting to base and unfair means for achieving success. The believer understands that wealth is in Allaah's hands, and He apportions it out as He Wills; that honor, power, reputation and authority - everything - is also subjected to His Will, and He bestows them as He Wills; and that man's duty is only to endeavor and to struggle fairly.
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
The Doctrine of Tauheed “Oneness of Allah” is the very basic dogma of Islam. It means belief in oneness of Allah as He is the solitary Creator of the whole universe, everything belongs to Allah, that there is no one but Allah, no one like Him, or opposite Him, or equal to Him. You have to describe in detail how this doctrine of Tauheed “Oneness of Allah” effects on human life?
Solution:-
When an individual pronounces the testimony: "Ash-hadu allaa ilaaha illallaah wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadar- Rasullullaah" (I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allaah and I testify that Muhammad is His Messenger), believing in it and acting upon it, he experiences a noticeable change in his life.
By understanding who his Lord is as well as the purpose of his creation, he will be able to achieve success in this life and the next. This success emanates from the following points:
1- A believer in this testimony can never be narrow in outlook. He believes in Allaah, Who is the Creator of the heavens and the earth, the Master of the universe and its Sustainer. After this belief, he does not regard anything in the world as a stranger to himself. He looks on everything in the universe as belonging to the same Lord he himself belongs to. Allaah Almighty Says (what means): "Say (O Muhammad): 'To whom belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth?' Say: 'To Allaah.'" [Quran 6:12]
His sympathy, love and service are not confined to any particular sphere or group. His vision is broadened, his intellectual horizon widens, and his outlook becomes as liberal and as boundless as is the Kingdom of Allaah. How can this width of vision and breadth of mind be achieved by an atheist, a polytheist or one who believes in a deity supposed to possess limited and defective powers like a man?
2- This belief produces in man the highest degree of self-respect and self esteem. The believer knows that Allaah Alone is the Possessor of all power, and that none besides Him can benefit or harm a person, or provide for his needs, or give and take away life or wield authority or influence. This conviction makes him indifferent to, independent on, and fearless of all powers other than those of Allaah. He never bows his head in homage to any of Allaah's creatures, nor does he stretch out his hand before anyone else. He is not overawed by anybody's greatness. This attitude of mind cannot be produced by any other belief.
3- Along with self-respect, this belief also generates in man a sense of modesty and humbleness. It makes him unostentatious and unpretending. A believer never becomes proud, haughty or arrogant. The boisterous pride of power, wealth and worth can have no room in his heart, because he knows that whatever he possesses has been given to him by Allaah, and that Allaah can take away just as He can give. In contrast to this, an unbeliever, when he achieves some worldly merit, becomes proud and conceited because he believes that his merit is due to his own worth. In the same way, pride and self-conceit are a necessary outcomes and concomitants of 'Shirk' (association of others with Allaah in worship), because a polytheist believes that he has a particular relation with deities, which does not exist between them and other people.
4- This belief makes man virtuous and upright. He has the conviction that there is no other means of success and salvation for him except purity of soul and righteousness of behavior. He has perfect faith in Allaah Who is Above all needs, is related to none and is absolutely Just. This belief creates in him the consciousness that unless he lives rightly and acts justly, he cannot succeed. No influence or underhand activity can save him from ruin.
As to those who do not believe that there is any Being having power over them, to whom they should be responsible for their good or bad actions; therefore, they consider themselves independent to act in whatever way they like. Their own fancies become their gods and they live like slaves of their wishes and desires. Allaah states in the Quran (what means): "Have you seen he who has taken as his god his [own] desire, and Allaah, knowing (him as such), left him astray, and has set a seal upon his hearing and his heart, and put over his vision a veil? So who will guide him after Allaah? Will you not then remember?" [Quran 45:23]
5- The believer never becomes despondent. He has a firm faith in Allaah Who is The Master of all the treasures of the earth and the heavens, Whose grace and bounty have no limit and Whose power is infinite. This faith imparts to his heart extraordinary consolation, fills it with satisfaction and keeps it filled with hope. Although he may be met with rejection from all sides in this world, faith in and dependence on Allaah never leave him, and on that strength he goes on struggling. Such profound confidence can result from no other belief than belief in Allaah Alone.
Atheists have small hearts; in the sense that they depend on limited abilities; therefore, in times of trouble they are soon overwhelmed by despair and, frequently, they commit suicide.
The testimony of Prof. Joad is also very explicit on this point. He writes about the West: "For the first time in history there is coming to maturity a generation of men and women who have no religion, and feel no need for one. They are content to ignore it. Also they are very unhappy, and the suicide rate is abnormally high." [C. E. M. Joad. The Present and Future of Religion, quoted by Sir Arnold Lunn., And Yet So New, London, 1958, p. 228]
As to the world of Islam, let the views of a non-Muslim historian, not in any way being sympathetic to Islam, be read with profit:
"In this uncompromising monotheism, with its simple and enthusiastic faith in the supreme rule of a transcendent being, lies the chief strength of Islam. Its adherents enjoy a consciousness of contentment and resignation unknown among followers of most creeds." [Suicide Is Rare in Muslim Lands] (Phillip K. Hitti, History of the Arabs, 1951, p.129)
6- This testimony of faith inspires bravery in man. There are two things which make a man cowardly: (a) fear of death and love of safety, and (b) the idea that there is someone else besides Allaah who can take away life, and that man- by adopting certain devices- can ward off death. Belief in 'Laa ilaaha illallaah'' blocks and drives away both these ideas. The first idea goes out of his mind because he knows that his life and his property and everything else really belong to Allaah, and he becomes ready to sacrifice his all for the pleasure of Allaah. He gets rid of the second idea because he knows that no weapon, no man or animal has the power of taking away his life; Allaah alone has the power to do so. A time has been ordained for him, and all the forces of the world combined cannot take away anyone's life before that time.
It is for this reason that no one is braver than the one who has faith in Allaah. Nothing can daunt him: not even the strongest tempest of adversity and the mightiest of armies.
7- The belief in 'Laa ilaaha illallaah' creates an attitude of peace and contentment, purges the mind of jealousy, envy and greed, and keeps away the temptations of resorting to base and unfair means for achieving success. The believer understands that wealth is in Allaah's hands, and He apportions it out as He Wills; that honor, power, reputation and authority - everything - is also subjected to His Will, and He bestows them as He Wills; and that man's duty is only to endeavor and to struggle fairly.
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
fin621 ass. sol #1
FIN621 Assignment # 1 Solution
Requirements:
A. You are required to compare the two Trial Balances given above and
prepare the adjusted journal entries that cause the changes in account
balances.
B. You are also required to include an explanation (narration) as part of each
adjusting entry.
Solution:-
Here is Solution of 1st Part of Assignment No. 1, Please explain the entry narration yourself.
Entry No.1
Office supplies expense (Income statement items) 432
Office supplies (Balance sheets items) 432
Entry No. 2
Depreciation Machinery (Income statement items) 132
Accumulated depreciation: Machinery (Balance sheets items) 132
Entry No. 3
Salaries (Income statement items) 660
Salaries payable (Balance sheets items) 660
Entry No. 4
Unearned consulting fee (Balance sheets items) 252
Consulting fee earned (Income statement items) 252
Entry No. 5
Consulting fee receivables (Balance sheets items) 1,020
Consulting fee earned (Income statement items) 1,020
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Requirements:
A. You are required to compare the two Trial Balances given above and
prepare the adjusted journal entries that cause the changes in account
balances.
B. You are also required to include an explanation (narration) as part of each
adjusting entry.
Solution:-
Here is Solution of 1st Part of Assignment No. 1, Please explain the entry narration yourself.
Entry No.1
Office supplies expense (Income statement items) 432
Office supplies (Balance sheets items) 432
Entry No. 2
Depreciation Machinery (Income statement items) 132
Accumulated depreciation: Machinery (Balance sheets items) 132
Entry No. 3
Salaries (Income statement items) 660
Salaries payable (Balance sheets items) 660
Entry No. 4
Unearned consulting fee (Balance sheets items) 252
Consulting fee earned (Income statement items) 252
Entry No. 5
Consulting fee receivables (Balance sheets items) 1,020
Consulting fee earned (Income statement items) 1,020
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
cs101 ass. sol.#1
CS101 Assignment # 1 Solution
Computer Description Cost Performance Realiablity Size Installed In Numbers
Super Computer Very Costly in Millions Good (Pak Automic Energy) Reliable but less then main frame More than 25 Acres Land Required These are in few numbers
Main Frame Costly but less than super computer Very Good (used in PIA, etc) More Reliable than super computer Less size than super computer These are in more numbers than super computer
Personal Computers Less costly than main frame Very Very Good (used in Offices, business org. etc) More Reilable than main frame Small size than main frame These are in large numbers
PDA’s Costly than Personal Computers Exception Performance(used in multipurpose) More Reliable than Personal Computer Very small size than personal computer These are also available in large numbers
Question 2 (Marks=5)
Differentiate Between Static RAM and Dynamic RAM in Tabular form. ANY TWO Differences
( 2.5 2.5 = 5)
SRAM (static RAM). This type of memory maintains data in storage as long as it is powered. Because it is faster and more reliable and expensive than DRAM, SRAM is most often used as cache memory. Earlier forms of SRAM were classified as Async or Sync RAM if they were synchronized with the system clock. The most common type of SRAM today is pipeline burst SRAM, which can operate at higher bus speeds.
DRAM (dynamic RAM). This type of RAM retains its data by being continuously rewritten every few milliseconds. Like SRAM, the data in storage is volatile, meaning it is lost when the system is not powered. DRAM is the most common type of expandable company memory in workstations and servers today, but there are several different types of DRAM.
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Computer Description Cost Performance Realiablity Size Installed In Numbers
Super Computer Very Costly in Millions Good (Pak Automic Energy) Reliable but less then main frame More than 25 Acres Land Required These are in few numbers
Main Frame Costly but less than super computer Very Good (used in PIA, etc) More Reliable than super computer Less size than super computer These are in more numbers than super computer
Personal Computers Less costly than main frame Very Very Good (used in Offices, business org. etc) More Reilable than main frame Small size than main frame These are in large numbers
PDA’s Costly than Personal Computers Exception Performance(used in multipurpose) More Reliable than Personal Computer Very small size than personal computer These are also available in large numbers
Question 2 (Marks=5)
Differentiate Between Static RAM and Dynamic RAM in Tabular form. ANY TWO Differences
( 2.5 2.5 = 5)
SRAM (static RAM). This type of memory maintains data in storage as long as it is powered. Because it is faster and more reliable and expensive than DRAM, SRAM is most often used as cache memory. Earlier forms of SRAM were classified as Async or Sync RAM if they were synchronized with the system clock. The most common type of SRAM today is pipeline burst SRAM, which can operate at higher bus speeds.
DRAM (dynamic RAM). This type of RAM retains its data by being continuously rewritten every few milliseconds. Like SRAM, the data in storage is volatile, meaning it is lost when the system is not powered. DRAM is the most common type of expandable company memory in workstations and servers today, but there are several different types of DRAM.
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
cs 507 ass. sol #1
CS507 Assignment 1 Solution
Question 1:What are the organization, management and technology dimensions of information systems? [3 marks]
Answer:
An information system represents a combination of management, organization, and technology elements. The management dimension of information system involves leadership, strategy, and management behavior. The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software, data management technology, and networking/telecommunication technology (including the internet). The Organization dimension of information system involves the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes, culture, political interest groups.
Question 2: Describe some of the major changes that information systems are bringing to organizations. [3 marks]
Answer:
The flattening of organizations is probably one that students will cite, particularly with the concern over downsizing. The parallel increase in information and in the decision power of line workers (empowerment), and their corresponding increase in work satisfaction, is often missed in media reports of downsizing. The flexibility of organizations in operations, for example, custom manufacturing and in linking customers and suppliers (thus reducing order time) are some of the major changes
Question 3: Describe the two factors that explain why organizations adopt information systems. [4 marks]
Answer: • Customers now prefer to execute transaction in an electronic environment through online-trading. Also the establishment of customer services centers has also removed the inconvenience to access vendor’s physical locations. • Due to absence of physical contact, companies are curious to keep a soft touch in an efficient manner. This requires keeping a customer-wise online track of past correspondence and transactions.
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Question 1:What are the organization, management and technology dimensions of information systems? [3 marks]
Answer:
An information system represents a combination of management, organization, and technology elements. The management dimension of information system involves leadership, strategy, and management behavior. The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software, data management technology, and networking/telecommunication technology (including the internet). The Organization dimension of information system involves the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes, culture, political interest groups.
Question 2: Describe some of the major changes that information systems are bringing to organizations. [3 marks]
Answer:
The flattening of organizations is probably one that students will cite, particularly with the concern over downsizing. The parallel increase in information and in the decision power of line workers (empowerment), and their corresponding increase in work satisfaction, is often missed in media reports of downsizing. The flexibility of organizations in operations, for example, custom manufacturing and in linking customers and suppliers (thus reducing order time) are some of the major changes
Question 3: Describe the two factors that explain why organizations adopt information systems. [4 marks]
Answer: • Customers now prefer to execute transaction in an electronic environment through online-trading. Also the establishment of customer services centers has also removed the inconvenience to access vendor’s physical locations. • Due to absence of physical contact, companies are curious to keep a soft touch in an efficient manner. This requires keeping a customer-wise online track of past correspondence and transactions.
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
PHY 101 ass. sol..#1
PHY101 Solution of Assignment 1
Q # 2
A spaceship is moving in the vacuum of outer space, far from any planet, when its engine dies. As a result, the spaceship slows down and stops. What does Newton‘s first law say about this event? Marks = 5
Solution:-
In this situation there are no forces acting on the spaceship, so according to Newton’s first law, it will not stop. It continues to move in a straight line with constant speed, some science fiction movies have made use of very accurate science; this was not one of them.
Q # 1
Consider a box that is placed on different surfaces. Marks = 10
a) In which situation (s) is there no force acting on the box?
b) In which situation (s) is there a static friction force acting on the box?
c) In which situation (s) is there a kinetic friction force acting on the box?
Various possible situations are as under:
I. The box is at rest on a rough horizontal surface.
II. The box is at rest on a rough tilted surface.
III. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is moving at a
constant velocity on a straight, level road and the box remains in the same
place in the middle of the truck bed.
IV. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is speeding up
on a straight, level road, and box remains in the same place in the middle of
the truck bed.
V. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is climbing a
hill, and the box is sliding towards the back of the truck.
Q # 3
A traffic light of weight W hangs from two light cables; one on each side of the light.
Each cable hangs at a 450 angle from the horizontal. What I the tension in each cable?
Marks = 5
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Q # 2
A spaceship is moving in the vacuum of outer space, far from any planet, when its engine dies. As a result, the spaceship slows down and stops. What does Newton‘s first law say about this event? Marks = 5
Solution:-
In this situation there are no forces acting on the spaceship, so according to Newton’s first law, it will not stop. It continues to move in a straight line with constant speed, some science fiction movies have made use of very accurate science; this was not one of them.
Q # 1
Consider a box that is placed on different surfaces. Marks = 10
a) In which situation (s) is there no force acting on the box?
b) In which situation (s) is there a static friction force acting on the box?
c) In which situation (s) is there a kinetic friction force acting on the box?
Various possible situations are as under:
I. The box is at rest on a rough horizontal surface.
II. The box is at rest on a rough tilted surface.
III. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is moving at a
constant velocity on a straight, level road and the box remains in the same
place in the middle of the truck bed.
IV. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is speeding up
on a straight, level road, and box remains in the same place in the middle of
the truck bed.
V. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is climbing a
hill, and the box is sliding towards the back of the truck.
Q # 3
A traffic light of weight W hangs from two light cables; one on each side of the light.
Each cable hangs at a 450 angle from the horizontal. What I the tension in each cable?
Marks = 5
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
CS 101 ass. sol. q # 2
CS101 Assignment Solution
Question 2 (Marks=5)
Differentiate Between Static RAM and Dynamic RAM in Tabular form. ANY TWO Differences
( 2.5 + 2.5 = 5)
SRAM (static RAM). This type of memory maintains data in storage as long as it is powered. Because it is faster and more reliable and expensive than DRAM, SRAM is most often used as cache memory. Earlier forms of SRAM were classified as Async or Sync RAM if they were synchronized with the system clock. The most common type of SRAM today is pipeline burst SRAM, which can operate at higher bus speeds.
DRAM (dynamic RAM). This type of RAM retains its data by being continuously rewritten every few milliseconds. Like SRAM, the data in storage is volatile, meaning it is lost when the system is not powered. DRAM is the most common type of expandable company memory in workstations and servers today, but there are several different types of DRAM.
Another Solution:-
Static RAM (SRAM)
1. 4 times more expensive
2. Very low access time
3. Can store ¼ as much
4. Information stored on RS flip-flops
5. No need for refreshing
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
1. Low cost
2. Consumes less power
3. Can store 4 times as much
4. Information stored on FET transistors
5. Needs to be refreshed
Another Solution:-
STATIC RAM vs DYNAMIC RAM
Firstly we anxious with static RAM
1)it does not loose signal strength.
2)no refreshing.
3)They made of transistors.
Where as Dynamic RAM
1)looses its signal 1 becomes 0
2)periodic refreshing of memory is needed.
3)These are mostly made of capacitors.
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Question 2 (Marks=5)
Differentiate Between Static RAM and Dynamic RAM in Tabular form. ANY TWO Differences
( 2.5 + 2.5 = 5)
SRAM (static RAM). This type of memory maintains data in storage as long as it is powered. Because it is faster and more reliable and expensive than DRAM, SRAM is most often used as cache memory. Earlier forms of SRAM were classified as Async or Sync RAM if they were synchronized with the system clock. The most common type of SRAM today is pipeline burst SRAM, which can operate at higher bus speeds.
DRAM (dynamic RAM). This type of RAM retains its data by being continuously rewritten every few milliseconds. Like SRAM, the data in storage is volatile, meaning it is lost when the system is not powered. DRAM is the most common type of expandable company memory in workstations and servers today, but there are several different types of DRAM.
Another Solution:-
Static RAM (SRAM)
1. 4 times more expensive
2. Very low access time
3. Can store ¼ as much
4. Information stored on RS flip-flops
5. No need for refreshing
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
1. Low cost
2. Consumes less power
3. Can store 4 times as much
4. Information stored on FET transistors
5. Needs to be refreshed
Another Solution:-
STATIC RAM vs DYNAMIC RAM
Firstly we anxious with static RAM
1)it does not loose signal strength.
2)no refreshing.
3)They made of transistors.
Where as Dynamic RAM
1)looses its signal 1 becomes 0
2)periodic refreshing of memory is needed.
3)These are mostly made of capacitors.
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
CS 601 data communication ass. sol. #1
CS601- Data Communication assignment # 1
Question 1:
Compare the telephone network and the Internet. What are the similarities? What are the differences?
Now the telephone industry has raised a new complaint—Internet subscribers are screwing up
telephone networks because the networks weren't designed for Internet connections. Phone
companies just can't get it through their monopoly mindset that when customer demand patterns change, the service has to change. They don't understand that in the new world of competition, the ability to offer the service that customers want will be the difference between success and failure.
The access charge issue
An ISP is something like a long distance phone company, in that it gives subscribers access to a long distance communications network. Both the ISP and the long distance carrier incorporate local phone connections in their overall network. Both pay the local phone company for, in effect, reselling the capacity of the local phone network. But they pay different rates. The ISP pays the same rate as any business that uses the phone network to make local calls. The long distance carrier pays "access charges." Access charges are much higher than local phone rates, as high as five cents per minute.
Access charges originated in the early 1980s as an FCC-sanctioned way for long distance service to subsidize local phone service. In 1987, well before the Internet became popular, the phone companies wanted the FCC to apply access charges to enhanced service packet data networks like Telenet and Tymnet, but Congress objected, and everyone lost interest in the issue. Now, with the rise of Internet telephony, the phone companies are at it again. They want their subsidies.
The current expectation is that the FCC will overhaul access charges in the 1997–'98 time frame. ISPs will have to pay access charges. But the rates will be knocked down from five cents per minute to a few tenths of a cent.
The network design issue
The new argument from the phone companies is that Internet traffic is different from voice traffic, so different that it could crash the phone network.
Wait a minute. Let's take a closer look at this argument. Sure, phone call durations might be longer when I surf the 'Net than when I talk to my mother in Florida, but what are the cost and engineering implications?
By the way, even the phone industry agrees that voice call durations have increased over the years. It used to be that an average phone call would last four minutes; now, the phone industry uses nine minutes as the average holding time.
My local loop and the connection to the local phone switch are dedicated to my phone number, whether I use it or not. The cost is independent of the duration of my calls.
The local switch gives me dialtone, interprets my dial pulses and arranges for a path through the network to be established. But that happens only when the call is dialed. After that, the switch circuitry goes on to set up the next call. Most of the usage of the telephone switch circuitry is independent of call duration.
But the phone industry is right about one element. There is a part of the network that is affected by call duration, the trunking between local switches. This is because the phone network assigns a circuit full time to a connection between switches, even though you might be sending and receiving data packets only sporadically.
But rather than figuring out how these trunks can be shared among multiple Internet connections so they can be used more efficiently, the phone companies are now spreading scare stories about the Internet causing a possible "meltdown" of the phone network.
The monopoly mindset
It's the same old story, but now with the local phone monopolies instead of a single nationwide Ma Bell. "Here's our network and our service; you must tailor your demand so it fits what we have."
Let's look at another part of the Internet, the intercity high-speed data circuits between ISPs. One of the leading suppliers of this service is MCI. MCI took its intercity fiber network, which was installed for voice telephone traffic, and figured out how to use it efficiently for high-speed data.
MCI saw the Internet as an opportunity, not a threat, and modified its network design to satisfy user needs. And the company earned a profit while doing it.
The phone company engineering philosophy has been stability, not agility. But the world is changing. Stability fits quite nicely with a monopoly environment. But "brand loyalty" is on its way out. Have you noticed that in the cable industry? It applies to the phone industry as well.
In the world of competition, companies must change, or die.
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Question 1:
Compare the telephone network and the Internet. What are the similarities? What are the differences?
Now the telephone industry has raised a new complaint—Internet subscribers are screwing up
telephone networks because the networks weren't designed for Internet connections. Phone
companies just can't get it through their monopoly mindset that when customer demand patterns change, the service has to change. They don't understand that in the new world of competition, the ability to offer the service that customers want will be the difference between success and failure.
The access charge issue
An ISP is something like a long distance phone company, in that it gives subscribers access to a long distance communications network. Both the ISP and the long distance carrier incorporate local phone connections in their overall network. Both pay the local phone company for, in effect, reselling the capacity of the local phone network. But they pay different rates. The ISP pays the same rate as any business that uses the phone network to make local calls. The long distance carrier pays "access charges." Access charges are much higher than local phone rates, as high as five cents per minute.
Access charges originated in the early 1980s as an FCC-sanctioned way for long distance service to subsidize local phone service. In 1987, well before the Internet became popular, the phone companies wanted the FCC to apply access charges to enhanced service packet data networks like Telenet and Tymnet, but Congress objected, and everyone lost interest in the issue. Now, with the rise of Internet telephony, the phone companies are at it again. They want their subsidies.
The current expectation is that the FCC will overhaul access charges in the 1997–'98 time frame. ISPs will have to pay access charges. But the rates will be knocked down from five cents per minute to a few tenths of a cent.
The network design issue
The new argument from the phone companies is that Internet traffic is different from voice traffic, so different that it could crash the phone network.
Wait a minute. Let's take a closer look at this argument. Sure, phone call durations might be longer when I surf the 'Net than when I talk to my mother in Florida, but what are the cost and engineering implications?
By the way, even the phone industry agrees that voice call durations have increased over the years. It used to be that an average phone call would last four minutes; now, the phone industry uses nine minutes as the average holding time.
My local loop and the connection to the local phone switch are dedicated to my phone number, whether I use it or not. The cost is independent of the duration of my calls.
The local switch gives me dialtone, interprets my dial pulses and arranges for a path through the network to be established. But that happens only when the call is dialed. After that, the switch circuitry goes on to set up the next call. Most of the usage of the telephone switch circuitry is independent of call duration.
But the phone industry is right about one element. There is a part of the network that is affected by call duration, the trunking between local switches. This is because the phone network assigns a circuit full time to a connection between switches, even though you might be sending and receiving data packets only sporadically.
But rather than figuring out how these trunks can be shared among multiple Internet connections so they can be used more efficiently, the phone companies are now spreading scare stories about the Internet causing a possible "meltdown" of the phone network.
The monopoly mindset
It's the same old story, but now with the local phone monopolies instead of a single nationwide Ma Bell. "Here's our network and our service; you must tailor your demand so it fits what we have."
Let's look at another part of the Internet, the intercity high-speed data circuits between ISPs. One of the leading suppliers of this service is MCI. MCI took its intercity fiber network, which was installed for voice telephone traffic, and figured out how to use it efficiently for high-speed data.
MCI saw the Internet as an opportunity, not a threat, and modified its network design to satisfy user needs. And the company earned a profit while doing it.
The phone company engineering philosophy has been stability, not agility. But the world is changing. Stability fits quite nicely with a monopoly environment. But "brand loyalty" is on its way out. Have you noticed that in the cable industry? It applies to the phone industry as well.
In the world of competition, companies must change, or die.
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
MTH 302 question # sol.
MTH302 Question # 2 Solution
Solution of q 2:
Basic salary=12000
House rent allowance=45%=45/100=0.45=0.45*12000=5400
Conveyance allowances=5%=5/100=0.05=0.05*12000=600
Utility allowances=7%=7/100=0.07=0.07=0.07*12000=840
Group insurance/Medical=0%=0
Total Allowances=5400+600+840=6840
Gratuity fund=1/11*12000=1090.90
Provident Fund= 1/11*12000= 1090.90
M.s.charge=12000(5.8/100)=696
Gross salary=12000+6840=18840
cost of casual leave per year=12/(26*12)*18840*12=839.04
cost of earned leave per year=24/(26*12)*1840*12=1678.08
Sick leave = 0
Total cost of leaves = 2517.12
Gross Rumen ration = 24234.92
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Solution of q 2:
Basic salary=12000
House rent allowance=45%=45/100=0.45=0.45*12000=5400
Conveyance allowances=5%=5/100=0.05=0.05*12000=600
Utility allowances=7%=7/100=0.07=0.07=0.07*12000=840
Group insurance/Medical=0%=0
Total Allowances=5400+600+840=6840
Gratuity fund=1/11*12000=1090.90
Provident Fund= 1/11*12000= 1090.90
M.s.charge=12000(5.8/100)=696
Gross salary=12000+6840=18840
cost of casual leave per year=12/(26*12)*18840*12=839.04
cost of earned leave per year=24/(26*12)*1840*12=1678.08
Sick leave = 0
Total cost of leaves = 2517.12
Gross Rumen ration = 24234.92
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
PAK 301 ass. sol #1
PAK 301 Idea Solution Oct 2010
Describe the significance and contribution of Aligarh Movement for the revival and regeneration of the Muslims of Sub-Continent.
=
Syed Ahmad Khan's Aligarh Movement played a significant role in bringing about an intellectual revolution among the Indian Muslims. Thus it succeeded in achieving its major objectives, i.e. educational progress and social reform. His efforts earned Sir Syed the title "Prophet of Education".
Aligarh Movement was the movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, to educate the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent after the defeat of the rebels in the Indian rebellion of 1857. It had enormous success and had a profound impact on the future of the subcontinent. Its most significant achievement was the establishment of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh, which later became Aligarh Muslim University.
* Why did Sir Syed advise the Muslims to avoid joining active politics?
=
Syed advised the Muslims against joining active politics and to concentrate instead on education. Later, when some Muslims joined the Indian National Congress, he came out strongly against that organisation and its objectives, which included the establishment of parliamentary democracy in India. He argued that, in a country where communal divisions were all-important and education and political organisations were confined to a few classes, parliamentary democracy would work only inequitably. Muslims, generally, followed his advice and abstained from politics until several years later when they had established their own political organisation i.e. Muslim League.
Describe the significance and contribution of Aligarh Movement for the revival and regeneration of the Muslims of Sub-Continent.
The War of Independence 1857 ended in disaster for the Muslims. The British chose to believe that the Muslims were responsible for the anti-British uprising; therefore they made them the subject of ruthless punishments and merciless vengeance. The British had always looked upon the Muslims as their adversaries because they had ousted them from power. With the rebellion of 1857, this feeling was intensified and every attempt was made to ruin and suppress the Muslims forever. Their efforts resulted in the liquidation of the Mughal rule and the Sub-continent came directly under the British crown.
After dislodging the Muslim rulers from the throne, the new rulers, the British, implemented a new educational policy with drastic changes. The policy banned Arabic, Persian and religious education in schools and made English not only the medium of instruction but also the official language in 1835. This spawned a negative attitude amongst the Muslims towards everything modern and western, and a disinclination to make use of the opportunities available under the new regime. This tendency, had it continued for long, would have proven disastrous for the Muslim community.
Seeing this atmosphere of despair and despondency, Sir Syed launched his attempts to revive the spirit of progress within the Muslim community of India. He was convinced that the Muslims in their attempt to regenerate themselves, had failed to realize the fact that mankind had entered a very important phase of its existence, i.e., an era of science and learning. He knew that the realization of the very fact was the source of progress and prosperity for the British. Therefore, modern education became the pivot of his movement for regeneration of the Indian Muslims. He tried to transform the Muslim outlook from a medieval one to a modern one.
Sir Syed's first and foremost objective was to acquaint the British with the Indian mind; his next goal was to open the minds of his countrymen to European literature, science and technology.
Therefore, in order to attain these goals, Sir Syed launched the Aligarh Movement of which Aligarh was the center. He had two immediate objectives in mind: to remove the state of misunderstanding and tension between the Muslims and the new British government, and to induce them to go after the opportunities available under the new regime without deviating in any way from the fundamentals of their faith.
Keeping education and social reform as the two planks of his program, he launched the Aligarh Movement with the following objectives:
1. To create an atmosphere of mutual understanding between the British government and the Muslims.
2. To persuade Muslims to learn English education.
3. To persuade Muslims to abstain from politics of agitation.
4. To produce an intellectual class from amongst the Muslim community
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Describe the significance and contribution of Aligarh Movement for the revival and regeneration of the Muslims of Sub-Continent.
=
Syed Ahmad Khan's Aligarh Movement played a significant role in bringing about an intellectual revolution among the Indian Muslims. Thus it succeeded in achieving its major objectives, i.e. educational progress and social reform. His efforts earned Sir Syed the title "Prophet of Education".
Aligarh Movement was the movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, to educate the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent after the defeat of the rebels in the Indian rebellion of 1857. It had enormous success and had a profound impact on the future of the subcontinent. Its most significant achievement was the establishment of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh, which later became Aligarh Muslim University.
* Why did Sir Syed advise the Muslims to avoid joining active politics?
=
Syed advised the Muslims against joining active politics and to concentrate instead on education. Later, when some Muslims joined the Indian National Congress, he came out strongly against that organisation and its objectives, which included the establishment of parliamentary democracy in India. He argued that, in a country where communal divisions were all-important and education and political organisations were confined to a few classes, parliamentary democracy would work only inequitably. Muslims, generally, followed his advice and abstained from politics until several years later when they had established their own political organisation i.e. Muslim League.
Describe the significance and contribution of Aligarh Movement for the revival and regeneration of the Muslims of Sub-Continent.
The War of Independence 1857 ended in disaster for the Muslims. The British chose to believe that the Muslims were responsible for the anti-British uprising; therefore they made them the subject of ruthless punishments and merciless vengeance. The British had always looked upon the Muslims as their adversaries because they had ousted them from power. With the rebellion of 1857, this feeling was intensified and every attempt was made to ruin and suppress the Muslims forever. Their efforts resulted in the liquidation of the Mughal rule and the Sub-continent came directly under the British crown.
After dislodging the Muslim rulers from the throne, the new rulers, the British, implemented a new educational policy with drastic changes. The policy banned Arabic, Persian and religious education in schools and made English not only the medium of instruction but also the official language in 1835. This spawned a negative attitude amongst the Muslims towards everything modern and western, and a disinclination to make use of the opportunities available under the new regime. This tendency, had it continued for long, would have proven disastrous for the Muslim community.
Seeing this atmosphere of despair and despondency, Sir Syed launched his attempts to revive the spirit of progress within the Muslim community of India. He was convinced that the Muslims in their attempt to regenerate themselves, had failed to realize the fact that mankind had entered a very important phase of its existence, i.e., an era of science and learning. He knew that the realization of the very fact was the source of progress and prosperity for the British. Therefore, modern education became the pivot of his movement for regeneration of the Indian Muslims. He tried to transform the Muslim outlook from a medieval one to a modern one.
Sir Syed's first and foremost objective was to acquaint the British with the Indian mind; his next goal was to open the minds of his countrymen to European literature, science and technology.
Therefore, in order to attain these goals, Sir Syed launched the Aligarh Movement of which Aligarh was the center. He had two immediate objectives in mind: to remove the state of misunderstanding and tension between the Muslims and the new British government, and to induce them to go after the opportunities available under the new regime without deviating in any way from the fundamentals of their faith.
Keeping education and social reform as the two planks of his program, he launched the Aligarh Movement with the following objectives:
1. To create an atmosphere of mutual understanding between the British government and the Muslims.
2. To persuade Muslims to learn English education.
3. To persuade Muslims to abstain from politics of agitation.
4. To produce an intellectual class from amongst the Muslim community
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
MTH 302 assignment sol. # 1
MTH302 Assignment Solution # 1
Question 1:
If the basic salary of an employee is Rs. 37000 and allowances are Rs. 22,000.
What is the taxable income of employee?
solution:
basic salary = 37000
allowances = 22,000
as we now that allowance is always 50% of the basic salary
so here basic salary is 37000 * 50 / 100 = 18500
and 22000 - 18500 = 3500
here 3500is tax able
Question 2:
If the salary and allowances of an employee is as follows:
Basic salary = Rs. 12,000
House Rent Allowance = 45%
Conveyance Allowance = 5%
Utilities Allowance = 7%
Group Insurance/Medical = 0%
Misc. Social Charges = 5.8%
There are 12 casual, 24 earned and no sick leaves per year where as normal working days per month are 26. Find the Gross remuneration of the employee.
Question 3:
A trade discount series of 20, 10, and 5 is offered on an item which has a list price of Rs.9100. Find the amount of discount and the net price. http://www.vustudents.net
Solution
TRADE DISCOUNT
Net Price = L* (1 - D)*(1 - D)*(1 - D)
= 9100 *(1- 0.2)*(1-0.1)*(1-0.05)
=9100 *(0.8)*(0.9)*(0.95)
=9100*0.684
=6224.4
DISCOUNT
net price = 9100 - 6224.4
= 2875.6 %
Question 4:
If your goal is to have an amount of 325000 in seven years and you can get interest rate of 9% per annum compounded annually. How much would you need to invest now?
given
n = 7
i = 9 %
F . V = 325000
as we know that
F.V = P.V (1 + i ) ^ n
325000 = P.V (1 + 0.09)^ 7
325000 = P.V ( 1.83)
P . V = 325000
(1.83)
P.V = 177786.13answer
Question 5:
If you start saving Rs. 28,000 at the end of each six month, and you get interest rate 11% (per annum) compounded semi-annually, how much will you have accumulated at the end of 20 years?
solution:
given
n = 20
i = 11%
P . V = 28000
as we know that
F.V = P.V (1 + i ) ^ n
F.V = 28000 (1 + 0.11)^ 20
F.V = 28000 ( 8.06)
F . V = 225744.72
F.V = 225744.72 answer
Question 6:
The price of an item decreased from Rs. 856 to Rs.752. What is the percentage change in price of item?
solution
percentage change in price of item
856 - 752 = 104
1.04%
Question # 7
Suppose you can afford to pay 9,000 per month on a loan. How much can you borrow if the loan is for a period of 15 years and the interest rate is 5% per annum compounded monthly?
solution
given
n = 15
m =12
i = 5%
P . V = 9000
as we know that
F.V = P.V (1 + i /m) ^ n*m
F.V = 9000 (1 + 0.05/12)^ 15*12
F.V = 9000 (1.0041667 )^ 15*12
F.V = 9000 (2.11383 )
F . V = 19024.47
F.V = 192024.47 answer
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
Question 1:
If the basic salary of an employee is Rs. 37000 and allowances are Rs. 22,000.
What is the taxable income of employee?
solution:
basic salary = 37000
allowances = 22,000
as we now that allowance is always 50% of the basic salary
so here basic salary is 37000 * 50 / 100 = 18500
and 22000 - 18500 = 3500
here 3500is tax able
Question 2:
If the salary and allowances of an employee is as follows:
Basic salary = Rs. 12,000
House Rent Allowance = 45%
Conveyance Allowance = 5%
Utilities Allowance = 7%
Group Insurance/Medical = 0%
Misc. Social Charges = 5.8%
There are 12 casual, 24 earned and no sick leaves per year where as normal working days per month are 26. Find the Gross remuneration of the employee.
Question 3:
A trade discount series of 20, 10, and 5 is offered on an item which has a list price of Rs.9100. Find the amount of discount and the net price. http://www.vustudents.net
Solution
TRADE DISCOUNT
Net Price = L* (1 - D)*(1 - D)*(1 - D)
= 9100 *(1- 0.2)*(1-0.1)*(1-0.05)
=9100 *(0.8)*(0.9)*(0.95)
=9100*0.684
=6224.4
DISCOUNT
net price = 9100 - 6224.4
= 2875.6 %
Question 4:
If your goal is to have an amount of 325000 in seven years and you can get interest rate of 9% per annum compounded annually. How much would you need to invest now?
given
n = 7
i = 9 %
F . V = 325000
as we know that
F.V = P.V (1 + i ) ^ n
325000 = P.V (1 + 0.09)^ 7
325000 = P.V ( 1.83)
P . V = 325000
(1.83)
P.V = 177786.13answer
Question 5:
If you start saving Rs. 28,000 at the end of each six month, and you get interest rate 11% (per annum) compounded semi-annually, how much will you have accumulated at the end of 20 years?
solution:
given
n = 20
i = 11%
P . V = 28000
as we know that
F.V = P.V (1 + i ) ^ n
F.V = 28000 (1 + 0.11)^ 20
F.V = 28000 ( 8.06)
F . V = 225744.72
F.V = 225744.72 answer
Question 6:
The price of an item decreased from Rs. 856 to Rs.752. What is the percentage change in price of item?
solution
percentage change in price of item
856 - 752 = 104
1.04%
Question # 7
Suppose you can afford to pay 9,000 per month on a loan. How much can you borrow if the loan is for a period of 15 years and the interest rate is 5% per annum compounded monthly?
solution
given
n = 15
m =12
i = 5%
P . V = 9000
as we know that
F.V = P.V (1 + i /m) ^ n*m
F.V = 9000 (1 + 0.05/12)^ 15*12
F.V = 9000 (1.0041667 )^ 15*12
F.V = 9000 (2.11383 )
F . V = 19024.47
F.V = 192024.47 answer
Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks
assignment # 1-IT 430
IT430 Assignment # 1 Solution
Idea solution
This is not a solution there may some mistakes so correct and give comment.
b)
Convert the following IP addresses from decimal to binary and binary to decimal showing the steps involved.
221.120.152.10
11011101.1111000.10011000.1010
202.125.147.6
11001010.1111101.10010011.110
01111001 121 2^0*1+2^1*0+2^2*0+2^3*1+2^4*1+2^5*1+2^6*1+2^7*0
01100100. 100 2^0*0+2^1*0+2^2*1+2^3*0+2^4*0+2^5*1+2^6*1+2^7*0
11110110 246 2^0*0+2^1*1+2^2*1+2^3*0+2^4*1+2^5*1+2^6*1+2^7*1
00001010 10 2^0*0+2^1*1+2^2*0+2^3*1+2^4*0+2^5*0+2^6*0+2^7*0
11001010. 202 2^1*0+2^1*1+2^2*0+2^3*1+2^4*0+2^5*0+2^6*1+2^7*1
01111101. 125 2^0*1+2^1*0+2^2*1+2^3*1+2^4*1+2^5*1+2^6*1+2^7*0
10001010. 138 2^0*0+2^1*1+2^2*0+2^3*1+2^4*0+2^5*0+2^6*0+2^7*1
10011101 157 2^0*1+2^1*0+2^2*1+2^3*1+2^4*1+2^5*0+2^6*0+2^7*1
a) Set the background colour of the browser window to blue, text colour to white and link colour to yellow.
b) Divide the browser window in 4 equal sized vertical frames. Also note that border of the frame should be
invisible and user should not be able to change the size of frame.
Design a form in HTML that will contain two text boxes (ID, Password) and two buttons (Submit, Reset).
By clicking the submit button form should be submitted to www.vu.edu.pk using POST method.
Idea solution
This is not a solution there may some mistakes so correct and give comment.
b)
Convert the following IP addresses from decimal to binary and binary to decimal showing the steps involved.
221.120.152.10
11011101.1111000.10011000.1010
202.125.147.6
11001010.1111101.10010011.110
01111001 121 2^0*1+2^1*0+2^2*0+2^3*1+2^4*1+2^5*1+2^6*1+2^7*0
01100100. 100 2^0*0+2^1*0+2^2*1+2^3*0+2^4*0+2^5*1+2^6*1+2^7*0
11110110 246 2^0*0+2^1*1+2^2*1+2^3*0+2^4*1+2^5*1+2^6*1+2^7*1
00001010 10 2^0*0+2^1*1+2^2*0+2^3*1+2^4*0+2^5*0+2^6*0+2^7*0
11001010. 202 2^1*0+2^1*1+2^2*0+2^3*1+2^4*0+2^5*0+2^6*1+2^7*1
01111101. 125 2^0*1+2^1*0+2^2*1+2^3*1+2^4*1+2^5*1+2^6*1+2^7*0
10001010. 138 2^0*0+2^1*1+2^2*0+2^3*1+2^4*0+2^5*0+2^6*0+2^7*1
10011101 157 2^0*1+2^1*0+2^2*1+2^3*1+2^4*1+2^5*0+2^6*0+2^7*1
a) Set the background colour of the browser window to blue, text colour to white and link colour to yellow.
b) Divide the browser window in 4 equal sized vertical frames. Also note that border of the frame should be
invisible and user should not be able to change the size of frame.
Design a form in HTML that will contain two text boxes (ID, Password) and two buttons (Submit, Reset).
By clicking the submit button form should be submitted to www.vu.edu.pk using POST method.
Thursday, October 21, 2010
ENG301 Assignment 1 (Fall 2010)
ENG301 Assignment 1 (Fall 2010)
Q1. Kinesics behaviour, paralanguage, proximity are some aspects of Non-Verbal Communication. Discuss all seven aspects of Non-Verbal Communication.10
Q2. What makes Rhetorical Theory different from other communication theories? Explain briefly.5
Solution:-
Types of Nonverbal Communication
The purpose of this report is to examine the significance of the nonverbal communication in the business setting. The topics discussed include: types of nonverbal communication, the importance of recognition and use of nonverbal communication elements, potential problems with nonverbal communication and solutions for effective nonverbal communication.
Kinesics, meaning - body movements, represents one of the largest areas of “ “leakage” – signals that escape from a deceptive interviewee despite his or her attempts at control.” (Waltman 1). One must realize, however, that “leakage” is not limited to interview subjects, but is natural human behavior (Waltman 1). In turn, torso movements, gestures and facial expressions are commonly viewed as the most important areas of kinesics in terms of generation of nonverbal cues that, when combined with other cues as well as context, suggest a meaning to what is being communicated (Sunduram 4). Ray L. Birdwhistell, in his research, also stresses that kinesic communication must be viewed in terms of “contextual meaning” (Jolly 6). Additional benefit of using “contextual meaning” in interpretation of nonverbal cues is realized when trying to read a skilled communicator (Jolly 6). Experienced presenters can control their facial expressions and eye contact to reduce or, perhaps, prevent altogether the amount of leakage (Waltman 3). Therefore, by analyzing the context as well as the separate cues, one is more likely to perceive the true picture. William Nolen, in his advice to the auditors, suggests that based on previous studies “synchronization of kinesic cues, such as rhythmic hand gesturing and head nods, heightens the perception of credibility. Synchronous displays are perceived as more competent, composed, trustworthy, extroverted, and sociable than dissynchronous displays” (Nollen 2-3).
In addition to general kinesics, oculesics – eye movement and behavior, is widely considered to be “single most powerful and persuasive way to gain attention and win approval” (Raudsepp 3). The behavior of a person’s eyes can either strengthen what is being communicated verbally, or diminish the importance or credibility of the subject. In American culture, a direct eye contact translates into confidence, competence and honesty (Raudsepp 3). On the contrary, in other cultures a direct eye contact with superiors may be considered as daring or disrespectful. Such cultural nuances are incredibly important in the modern global business environment, where many cultures, traditions and customs often existing side by side. Another important factors influencing eye contact are – relative heights of the people involved in the interaction and the distance between the individuals. The height gives the taller person a benefit of position of control or power and requires the shorter person to maintain eye contact because of the lack of power over the interaction. The proximity of interacting parties also tends to enhance the importance and intensity of the eye behavior simply because one is more aware of eye contact at closer range (Abrams 1).
Study of space as a part of nonverbal communication - referred to as proxemics – further analyses physical and psychological space between individuals in the interaction (Abrams 2). Proxemics could be divided into the elements of territory and personal space. Territory refers to the general area in which the interaction occurs, while personal space is just that – a space immediately around a person. (Nolen 5) One of the most important elements of proxemics is the study of haptics or – in more conventional terms - touch. According to various researches, touch “enhances one’s interpersonal involvement, positive affect, social attachment, intimacy, and overall liking” (Sundaram 7). “The persuasive power of touch is further evident in the findings of Patterson et al. (1968) stating that people tend to associate positive characteristics with the individual who touched them” (Sundaram 7). In case of proxemics, the “leakage cues” may or may not be obvious (Waltman 3). In a non-familiar business setting a person cannot do much to change the territory, however, smaller actions, such as shifting a chair or placing a briefcase on his or her lap, can suggest the true feeling or intentions of that person (Waltman 3).
Yet another important aspect of nonverbal communication is voice. Vocal characteristics of one’s speech – the paralanguage – that include volume, rate, pitch and pronunciation are one of the most crucial factors in contributing or reducing the speaker’s credibility. One of the most popular beliefs, which has been confirmed by various studies in communication, suggests that a loud, strong voice transmits confidence (Fatt 2). Combinations of various elements of the paralanguage are attributed to different styles of speech, and, thus, provoke different feelings and perceptions in listeners. According to one of the studies, the conversation style, which includes slower rate, lower pitch and volume and less inflection, presented the speaker as being trustworthy, pleasant and friendly. In the same study the public speaking style, which includes higher pitch, vocal intensity and inflection, was said to portray dominance, dynamism and competence (Sundaram 6).
The last aspect of nonverbal communication discussed in this research is physical appearance. Although, in the greater sense, attractiveness describes characteristics that go beyond the physical appearance alone (Gabbot 4), physically attractive people are perceived as “more persuasive (Chaiken, 1979), successful in changing attitudes (Kahle and Homer, 1985), and are perceived to be warmer, more poised, and more socially skilled than less attractive people (Chaiken, 1979)” (Sundaram 8). The way one dresses is also an important element of physical appearance as a source of nonverbal cues, in big part because a person has much more control over his or her clothes, as opposed to the features of the face or the body size. In the recent decade the business world in US has seen various degrees of acceptance of the business casual dress code either as an alternative or as an addition to the traditional business attire (McPherson 1-2).
Types of Non-Verbal Communication
According to experts, a substantial portion of our communication is nonverbal. Every day, we respond to thousands on nonverbal cues and behaviors including postures, facial expression, eye gaze, gestures, and tone of voice. From our handshakes to our hairstyles, nonverbal details reveal who we are and impact how we relate to other people.
Scientific research on nonverbal communication and behavior began with the 1872 publication of Charles Darwin’s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Since that time, there has been an abundance of research on the types, effects, and expression of unspoken communication and behavior. While these signals are often so subtle that we are not consciously aware of them, research has identified several different types of nonverbal communication.
1. Facial Expression
Facial expressions are responsible for a huge proportion of nonverbal communication. Consider how much information can be conveyed with a smile or a frown. While nonverbal communication and behavior can vary dramatically between cultures, the facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are similar throughout the world.
2. Gestures
Deliberate movements and signals are an important way to communicate meaning without words. Common gestures include waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate number amounts. Other gestures are arbitrary and related to culture.
3. Paralinguistics
Paralinguistics refers to vocal communication that is separate from actual language. This includes factors such as tone of voice, loudness, inflection, and pitch. Consider the powerful effect that tone of voice can have on the meaning of a sentence. When said in a strong tone of voice, listeners might interpret approval and enthusiasm. The same words said in a hesitant tone of voice might convey disapproval and a lack of interest.
4. Body Language and Posture
Posture and movement can also convey a great deal on information. Research on body language has grown significantly since the 1970’s, but popular media have focused on the over-interpretation of defensive postures, arm-crossing, and leg-crossing, especially after the publication of Julius Fast’s book Body Language. While these nonverbal behaviors can indicate feelings and attitudes, research suggests that body language is far more subtle and less definitive that previously believed.
5. Proxemics
People often refer to their need for “personal space,” which is also an important type of nonverbal communication. The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by a number of factors including social norms, situational factors, personality characteristics, and level of familiarity. For example, the amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversation with another person usually varies between 18 inches to four feet. On the other hand, the personal distance needed when speaking to a crowd of people is around 10 to 12 feet.
6. Eye Gaze
Looking, staring, and blinking can also be important nonverbal behaviors. When people encounter people or things that they like, the rate of blinking increases and pupils dilate. Looking at another person can indicate a range of emotions, including hostility, interest, and attraction.
7. Haptics
Communicating through touch is another important nonverbal behavior. There has been a substantial amount of research on the importance of touch in infancy and early childhood. Harry Harlow’s classic monkey study demonstrated how the deprivation of touch and contact impedes development. Baby monkeys raised by wire mothers experienced permanent deficits in behavior and social interaction.
8. Appearance
Our choice of color, clothing, hairstyles, and other factors affecting appearance are also considered a means of nonverbal communication. Research on color psychology has demonstrated that different colors can invoke different moods. Appearance can also alter physiological reactions, judgment, and interpretations.
Question no 2
Rhetorical theory is based on the available means of persuasion. I.e. A speaker who is interested in persuading his audience should consider 3 rhetorical proofs.
Why is it important than other theories:
This is important because it give more dimensions in the process of communication and makes it more clear and considerable. Communication is not linear but circular, not just sending a message for received but producing a feedback not static but dynamic. Rhetorical theorists give an Rhetorical theory provide an important addition to a communication model for business communicators
Q1. Kinesics behaviour, paralanguage, proximity are some aspects of Non-Verbal Communication. Discuss all seven aspects of Non-Verbal Communication.10
Q2. What makes Rhetorical Theory different from other communication theories? Explain briefly.5
Solution:-
Types of Nonverbal Communication
The purpose of this report is to examine the significance of the nonverbal communication in the business setting. The topics discussed include: types of nonverbal communication, the importance of recognition and use of nonverbal communication elements, potential problems with nonverbal communication and solutions for effective nonverbal communication.
Kinesics, meaning - body movements, represents one of the largest areas of “ “leakage” – signals that escape from a deceptive interviewee despite his or her attempts at control.” (Waltman 1). One must realize, however, that “leakage” is not limited to interview subjects, but is natural human behavior (Waltman 1). In turn, torso movements, gestures and facial expressions are commonly viewed as the most important areas of kinesics in terms of generation of nonverbal cues that, when combined with other cues as well as context, suggest a meaning to what is being communicated (Sunduram 4). Ray L. Birdwhistell, in his research, also stresses that kinesic communication must be viewed in terms of “contextual meaning” (Jolly 6). Additional benefit of using “contextual meaning” in interpretation of nonverbal cues is realized when trying to read a skilled communicator (Jolly 6). Experienced presenters can control their facial expressions and eye contact to reduce or, perhaps, prevent altogether the amount of leakage (Waltman 3). Therefore, by analyzing the context as well as the separate cues, one is more likely to perceive the true picture. William Nolen, in his advice to the auditors, suggests that based on previous studies “synchronization of kinesic cues, such as rhythmic hand gesturing and head nods, heightens the perception of credibility. Synchronous displays are perceived as more competent, composed, trustworthy, extroverted, and sociable than dissynchronous displays” (Nollen 2-3).
In addition to general kinesics, oculesics – eye movement and behavior, is widely considered to be “single most powerful and persuasive way to gain attention and win approval” (Raudsepp 3). The behavior of a person’s eyes can either strengthen what is being communicated verbally, or diminish the importance or credibility of the subject. In American culture, a direct eye contact translates into confidence, competence and honesty (Raudsepp 3). On the contrary, in other cultures a direct eye contact with superiors may be considered as daring or disrespectful. Such cultural nuances are incredibly important in the modern global business environment, where many cultures, traditions and customs often existing side by side. Another important factors influencing eye contact are – relative heights of the people involved in the interaction and the distance between the individuals. The height gives the taller person a benefit of position of control or power and requires the shorter person to maintain eye contact because of the lack of power over the interaction. The proximity of interacting parties also tends to enhance the importance and intensity of the eye behavior simply because one is more aware of eye contact at closer range (Abrams 1).
Study of space as a part of nonverbal communication - referred to as proxemics – further analyses physical and psychological space between individuals in the interaction (Abrams 2). Proxemics could be divided into the elements of territory and personal space. Territory refers to the general area in which the interaction occurs, while personal space is just that – a space immediately around a person. (Nolen 5) One of the most important elements of proxemics is the study of haptics or – in more conventional terms - touch. According to various researches, touch “enhances one’s interpersonal involvement, positive affect, social attachment, intimacy, and overall liking” (Sundaram 7). “The persuasive power of touch is further evident in the findings of Patterson et al. (1968) stating that people tend to associate positive characteristics with the individual who touched them” (Sundaram 7). In case of proxemics, the “leakage cues” may or may not be obvious (Waltman 3). In a non-familiar business setting a person cannot do much to change the territory, however, smaller actions, such as shifting a chair or placing a briefcase on his or her lap, can suggest the true feeling or intentions of that person (Waltman 3).
Yet another important aspect of nonverbal communication is voice. Vocal characteristics of one’s speech – the paralanguage – that include volume, rate, pitch and pronunciation are one of the most crucial factors in contributing or reducing the speaker’s credibility. One of the most popular beliefs, which has been confirmed by various studies in communication, suggests that a loud, strong voice transmits confidence (Fatt 2). Combinations of various elements of the paralanguage are attributed to different styles of speech, and, thus, provoke different feelings and perceptions in listeners. According to one of the studies, the conversation style, which includes slower rate, lower pitch and volume and less inflection, presented the speaker as being trustworthy, pleasant and friendly. In the same study the public speaking style, which includes higher pitch, vocal intensity and inflection, was said to portray dominance, dynamism and competence (Sundaram 6).
The last aspect of nonverbal communication discussed in this research is physical appearance. Although, in the greater sense, attractiveness describes characteristics that go beyond the physical appearance alone (Gabbot 4), physically attractive people are perceived as “more persuasive (Chaiken, 1979), successful in changing attitudes (Kahle and Homer, 1985), and are perceived to be warmer, more poised, and more socially skilled than less attractive people (Chaiken, 1979)” (Sundaram 8). The way one dresses is also an important element of physical appearance as a source of nonverbal cues, in big part because a person has much more control over his or her clothes, as opposed to the features of the face or the body size. In the recent decade the business world in US has seen various degrees of acceptance of the business casual dress code either as an alternative or as an addition to the traditional business attire (McPherson 1-2).
Types of Non-Verbal Communication
According to experts, a substantial portion of our communication is nonverbal. Every day, we respond to thousands on nonverbal cues and behaviors including postures, facial expression, eye gaze, gestures, and tone of voice. From our handshakes to our hairstyles, nonverbal details reveal who we are and impact how we relate to other people.
Scientific research on nonverbal communication and behavior began with the 1872 publication of Charles Darwin’s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Since that time, there has been an abundance of research on the types, effects, and expression of unspoken communication and behavior. While these signals are often so subtle that we are not consciously aware of them, research has identified several different types of nonverbal communication.
1. Facial Expression
Facial expressions are responsible for a huge proportion of nonverbal communication. Consider how much information can be conveyed with a smile or a frown. While nonverbal communication and behavior can vary dramatically between cultures, the facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are similar throughout the world.
2. Gestures
Deliberate movements and signals are an important way to communicate meaning without words. Common gestures include waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate number amounts. Other gestures are arbitrary and related to culture.
3. Paralinguistics
Paralinguistics refers to vocal communication that is separate from actual language. This includes factors such as tone of voice, loudness, inflection, and pitch. Consider the powerful effect that tone of voice can have on the meaning of a sentence. When said in a strong tone of voice, listeners might interpret approval and enthusiasm. The same words said in a hesitant tone of voice might convey disapproval and a lack of interest.
4. Body Language and Posture
Posture and movement can also convey a great deal on information. Research on body language has grown significantly since the 1970’s, but popular media have focused on the over-interpretation of defensive postures, arm-crossing, and leg-crossing, especially after the publication of Julius Fast’s book Body Language. While these nonverbal behaviors can indicate feelings and attitudes, research suggests that body language is far more subtle and less definitive that previously believed.
5. Proxemics
People often refer to their need for “personal space,” which is also an important type of nonverbal communication. The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by a number of factors including social norms, situational factors, personality characteristics, and level of familiarity. For example, the amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversation with another person usually varies between 18 inches to four feet. On the other hand, the personal distance needed when speaking to a crowd of people is around 10 to 12 feet.
6. Eye Gaze
Looking, staring, and blinking can also be important nonverbal behaviors. When people encounter people or things that they like, the rate of blinking increases and pupils dilate. Looking at another person can indicate a range of emotions, including hostility, interest, and attraction.
7. Haptics
Communicating through touch is another important nonverbal behavior. There has been a substantial amount of research on the importance of touch in infancy and early childhood. Harry Harlow’s classic monkey study demonstrated how the deprivation of touch and contact impedes development. Baby monkeys raised by wire mothers experienced permanent deficits in behavior and social interaction.
8. Appearance
Our choice of color, clothing, hairstyles, and other factors affecting appearance are also considered a means of nonverbal communication. Research on color psychology has demonstrated that different colors can invoke different moods. Appearance can also alter physiological reactions, judgment, and interpretations.
Question no 2
Rhetorical theory is based on the available means of persuasion. I.e. A speaker who is interested in persuading his audience should consider 3 rhetorical proofs.
Why is it important than other theories:
This is important because it give more dimensions in the process of communication and makes it more clear and considerable. Communication is not linear but circular, not just sending a message for received but producing a feedback not static but dynamic. Rhetorical theorists give an Rhetorical theory provide an important addition to a communication model for business communicators
ENG201 Assignment 2010
ENG201 Assignment 2010
A leading telemarketing company is looking for a dynamic and self-motivated candidate for the position of CSO (Customer service Officer).Those having graduation degree and two years experience in the relevant field are eligible to apply. The candidate must contain a positive work attitude, a pleasant disposition, excellent interpersonal communication skills and customer service ability to build rapport. Suitable candidates
should send their CVs to P.O Box 1122 before 26th of this month. (Cover letter is optional.)
Solution:-
Sample Telemarketing CV Format
Many Grant
03th Street
Chicago
Illinois
**********@gmail.com
Mobile No: +**********
Telephone No: +*********
Career Objective: To look for employment opportunity at a reputed telemarketing company for mid-career level and later for permanent position where my talent and experience can be used and enhanced extensively and lifted for the upper level
Professional Experience:
Tel- Marketing 2002-2004: worked as an assistant telemarketing specialist
Tel- marketing 2004 and till now: working as a main member in the telemarketing crew
Marketing Objectives:
* To interact with online marketing specialists to promote for the right products online
* To adjust sales scripts to enhance specific demands and interests target audience
* To answer telephone calls of big wig customers
* To meet marketing targets
* To Contact business ventures and sole individuals over telephone for up to date communication
* To feed clients with technical support
* To Scheduling appointments to sales and marketing team for customer life interaction
* To develop new tools(forums , e-mails.. etc) for increasing sales ratio
Qualifications:
BA in marketing Studies, Chicago University
Achievement:
I was awarded the employee of the year in Tel-Marketing in 2008
Hobbies:
References
“Upon request”
M ake the following statements considerate:
1 . We are delighted to announce that we are opening a new store in Karachi.
2 . We don’ t accept your claim of purchased goods but we have replacement for other goods.
3 . As our meeting venue is not finalized, we can call you at any other place.
4 . Our manager will be busy in the meeting on Monday, so he cannot meet you this time.
5 . The flights are cancelled, we are sorry that we will not be able to entertain you due to air smoke in Europe.
Solution:-
1. We are delighted to announce that we are opening a new store in Karachi.
• With great pleasure, we inform you we’re offering our services in Karachi by opening a new store. Take advantage of this opportunity for first choice and super saving.
2. We don’t accept your claim of purchased goods but we have replacement for other goods.
• We appreciate your desire to claim the purchased goods. Your letter for claim the purchased goods has been received. You are a commendable customer for us. If you find time to visit our store we’ll be happy to inform you that we have a replacement opportunity with other goods but unable to process on your request of claim. Feel welcome to come in any day between 09:00am and 05:00pm. We sincerely want to help you reach your desired goal.
3. As our meeting venue is not finalized, we can call you at any other place.
• Unluckily, our conference is still not schedule. So we may be calling you some other suitable place. We do hope you’ll able to join us.
4. Our manager will be busy in the meeting on Monday, so he cannot meet you this time.
• Unfortunately, on the date of conference. On Monday, May 17, 2010 our manager will be in London for meeting with a firm’s distributors. I made an effort to reschedule the meeting but I was unable to do so. So, I regret he’s not being able to address this important forum and have to miss the conference itself.
5. The flights are cancelled, we are sorry that we will not be able to entertain you due to air smoke in Europe.•
Unhappily, flights are cancelled. We feel sorry to inform you we are unable to entertain due to air smoke in Europe. We want to do the best we can to make you happy. Please, give us the opportunity to restore in future.
A leading telemarketing company is looking for a dynamic and self-motivated candidate for the position of CSO (Customer service Officer).Those having graduation degree and two years experience in the relevant field are eligible to apply. The candidate must contain a positive work attitude, a pleasant disposition, excellent interpersonal communication skills and customer service ability to build rapport. Suitable candidates
should send their CVs to P.O Box 1122 before 26th of this month. (Cover letter is optional.)
Solution:-
Sample Telemarketing CV Format
Many Grant
03th Street
Chicago
Illinois
**********@gmail.com
Mobile No: +**********
Telephone No: +*********
Career Objective: To look for employment opportunity at a reputed telemarketing company for mid-career level and later for permanent position where my talent and experience can be used and enhanced extensively and lifted for the upper level
Professional Experience:
Tel- Marketing 2002-2004: worked as an assistant telemarketing specialist
Tel- marketing 2004 and till now: working as a main member in the telemarketing crew
Marketing Objectives:
* To interact with online marketing specialists to promote for the right products online
* To adjust sales scripts to enhance specific demands and interests target audience
* To answer telephone calls of big wig customers
* To meet marketing targets
* To Contact business ventures and sole individuals over telephone for up to date communication
* To feed clients with technical support
* To Scheduling appointments to sales and marketing team for customer life interaction
* To develop new tools(forums , e-mails.. etc) for increasing sales ratio
Qualifications:
BA in marketing Studies, Chicago University
Achievement:
I was awarded the employee of the year in Tel-Marketing in 2008
Hobbies:
References
“Upon request”
M ake the following statements considerate:
1 . We are delighted to announce that we are opening a new store in Karachi.
2 . We don’ t accept your claim of purchased goods but we have replacement for other goods.
3 . As our meeting venue is not finalized, we can call you at any other place.
4 . Our manager will be busy in the meeting on Monday, so he cannot meet you this time.
5 . The flights are cancelled, we are sorry that we will not be able to entertain you due to air smoke in Europe.
Solution:-
1. We are delighted to announce that we are opening a new store in Karachi.
• With great pleasure, we inform you we’re offering our services in Karachi by opening a new store. Take advantage of this opportunity for first choice and super saving.
2. We don’t accept your claim of purchased goods but we have replacement for other goods.
• We appreciate your desire to claim the purchased goods. Your letter for claim the purchased goods has been received. You are a commendable customer for us. If you find time to visit our store we’ll be happy to inform you that we have a replacement opportunity with other goods but unable to process on your request of claim. Feel welcome to come in any day between 09:00am and 05:00pm. We sincerely want to help you reach your desired goal.
3. As our meeting venue is not finalized, we can call you at any other place.
• Unluckily, our conference is still not schedule. So we may be calling you some other suitable place. We do hope you’ll able to join us.
4. Our manager will be busy in the meeting on Monday, so he cannot meet you this time.
• Unfortunately, on the date of conference. On Monday, May 17, 2010 our manager will be in London for meeting with a firm’s distributors. I made an effort to reschedule the meeting but I was unable to do so. So, I regret he’s not being able to address this important forum and have to miss the conference itself.
5. The flights are cancelled, we are sorry that we will not be able to entertain you due to air smoke in Europe.•
Unhappily, flights are cancelled. We feel sorry to inform you we are unable to entertain due to air smoke in Europe. We want to do the best we can to make you happy. Please, give us the opportunity to restore in future.
Friday, October 15, 2010
classes has started of all subject
be prepared urself for new adventures of university and enjoy the all moments.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)